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International Journal of Aquatic Biology - Volume:3 Issue: 6, Dec 2015

International Journal of Aquatic Biology
Volume:3 Issue: 6, Dec 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/12/17
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Mahdi Banaee, Milad Mehrpak, Behzad Behzad Nematdoost Hagi, Ahmad Noori Pages 362-371
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of administering antioxidants, including vitamin C and chitosan on oxidative stress markers in muscle as edible tissues of Cyprinus carpio exposed to cadmium chloride. In this experiment, by exposing to 0.2 mg/L cadmium chloride for 21 days, fish were fed a normal diet, diet containing chitosan (1000 mg/kg diet), vitamin C (1000 mg/kg diet) or both vitamin C and chitosan. Oxidative stress markers, including the activity of catalase, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as biochemical parameters, including the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. Fish exposure to cadmium chloride significantly increased AST, LDH, CPK, catalase, and MDA activity, while it significantly decreased AST and AChE activity, and levels of total antioxidant in muscle cells. Administration of chitosan or vitamin C alone or in combination with each other to fish exposed to cadmium chloride was effective in regulating ALT, CPK, and catalase activity. Although administration of vitamin C and chitosan caused a significant decrease in MDA, AST and LDH, these enzymes were still significantly higher than those in the control group. Administration of vitamin C and chitosan had no significant effects on the activity of AChE and levels of total antioxidant. Although, chitosan alone could not prevent oxidative stress damages in muscle tissues of cadmium-treated fish, administration of vitamin C combined with chitosan may increase the efficiency of antioxidant defense system and improve the detoxification system in the muscles of fish exposed to cadmium chloride.
    Keywords: Antioxidants, Cadmium, Biomarkers, Oxidative stress, Edible tissue
  • Naser Uddin Sk, Shubhadeep Ghosh, Joydev Maity Pages 372-378
    The present paper studies the reproductive biology, maturation size and sex ratio of Penaeus monodon collected from Digha fishing grounds, India during 2011-2013. A total of 633 individual of P. monodon were examined and among them 242 were males and 391 were females. The overall yearly sex ratio was observed to be 1:1.6 (males: females). Based on the results, the spawning season of P. monodon was mainly in January-February and was extended up to June. The first maturity was observed at 163.5 mm length. The estimated number of ova in the mature ovary ranged from 120155 to 961240 in P. monodon.
    Keywords: LM50, Spawning season, GSI
  • Somayeh Ghasemian, Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Mohsen Nokhbatolfoghahai, Abdolrahim Pazira Pages 379-389
    In this study, the morphological and histological studies of male and female gonads in mudskipper, Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 from Helleh estuary (Bushehr Province, southwestern Iran) were performed to determine its gonadal development stages and histo-morphological characteristics. Sampling was done from April 2010 to March 2011 and a total of 81 individuals were collected by hand net. The gonads of specimens were removed, their sexes determined and then fixed in 10% formalin solution after checking their morphology and measuring their weights, lengths and widths. Six stages of gonadal development in females and four stages in males were determined based on macroscopic and microscopic observations and reproductive indices. In female, increasing of the ovary size is occurred because of the accumulation of yolk materials in oocytes, and in the last stages, little folding in ovary was observed. Formation of zona radiata and yolk granules in the third stage, and increasing thickness of this layer and yolk granules were observed from stage three to stage six. In male, gradual developments of the sperm cells were observed from stage one onward.
    Keywords: Gobioidae, Reproduction, Gonad histology, Iran
  • Natalia De Souza Araujo, Joao Carlos Shimada Borges Pages 398-408
    Rodlet cells are frequently found in teleost fishes and although their role in organisms is not completely understood. The occurrence of these cells are related to stress and may undergo changes in contaminated environments, thereby allowing their use as biomarkers. This hypothesis is tested in the present study. Thirty specimens of Oreochromis niloticus were divided into three groups, two groups were exposed to organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion at nominal concentrations of 4 mgl-1 and 8 mgl-1 and one group was kept as control. After ten days, the gills were removed for microscopic study and the number and area of the rodlet cells were analyzed and compared with a well-established method of assessing histological damages in fishes. No significant differences were found in the area of the cells, but there were significant differences in the number of rodlet cells among examined concentrations. The present study provides evidence for the use of this new biomarker in teleost fishes and discusses some of the potential confounding factors of this approach.
    Keywords: Organophosphate, Biomarkers, Nile tilapia, Methyl parathion
  • Yazdan Keivany, Ali Nezamoleslami, Salar Dorafshan, Soheil Eagderi Pages 409-413
    This study describes the length-weight and length-length relationships for 28 populations of Garra ruffa in different basins of Iran, including Tigris, Karkheh, Karun, Persis and Hormuz. The length-weight relationships from most localities are reported here for the first time. For most populations the b value was not significantly different from 3, indicating an isometric growth, in a few, it was significantly bigger than 3, indicating a positive allometric growth, and in some, it was significantly smaller than 3, indicating a negative allometric growth. In the whole samples, it was not significantly different from 3, indicating an isometric growth.
    Keywords: Cyprinidae, Doctor fish, Growth, Life history
  • Mohammad Reza Noei, Shaig Ibrahimov, Masoud Sattari Pages 414-424
    This study conducted to provide the status of parasite communities of four sturgeon species viz. Acipenser stellatus, A. gueldenstaedtii, A. nudiventris, and Huso huso in the southwest of the Caspian Sea and their histopathological effects on the examined fishes. For this purpose a total of 93 individuals of four sturgeon species were caught in two fisheries regions from the southwest of the Caspian Sea (Guilan Province, Iran) from March 2010 to May 2011. The histological slides of the infested tissues of the examined fishes were prepared for study of the histopathological effects of the parasites. Classical epidemiological variables, including mean intensity, prevalence, abundance and dominance were calculated for overall samples, grouped by season, geographical region, and sex. Five worm species, including two nematodes (Cucullanus sphaerocephalus and Eustrongylides excisus larvae), one cestode (Bothrimonus fallax), one acanthocephalans (Leptorhynchoide plagicephalus) and one digenean trematode (Skrjabinopsolus semiarmatus) were found in examined sturgeons and their histopathological effects on the fish tissues were assessed. Based on the results, the diversity of the parasites (including freshwater ones) in the southern part of the Caspian Sea have decreased since the time of the first study in 1972. This may be related to unfavorable conditions in freshwater ecosystems.
    Keywords: Trematode, Cestode, Acanthocephalans, Huso huso, Acipenser stellatus, Acipenser nudiventris, Acipenser gueldenstaedtii
  • Roghieh Safari Pages 425-432
    Cadmium is considered as a common residue in water and sediments which could readily enter aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time- and concentration-dependent changes in antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities as well as concentration of MDA as a bi- product of lipid peroxidation in the liver of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, following CdCl2 exposure at sub-lethal concentrations for 14 days. Based on the results, activity of SOD and CAT showed a significant increase in the fish exposed to different concentrations of CdCl2 up to the day 7, and then their activity decreased in the fish of all treatments on the 14th day. In all treatments, MDA content significantly increased after exposure at first day until the end of the experiment. The levels of SOD, CAT and MDA followed a concentration-dependent manner and its increase was higher in 800 µgl-1 than those of 200 µgl-1. The results suggested that antioxidant enzymes could be used as an effective index to monitor ecotoxicological changes.
    Keywords: Oxidative stress, Superoxide dismutase Catalase, Malondialdehyde, Persian sturgeon