مجله بیماری های مشترک انسان و دام
سال یکم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

Otolithes rubber is one of the most important and native fish in south and south-west of Iran especially in Khuzestan province. Because marketing of this fish is popular among residents of this area, zoonotic parasites are important in public health. Anisakiasis is an important fish-borne zoonoses provoked by ingestion of larval nematodes belonging to the Anisakis genus in raw or undercooked seafoods. In this study, 60 Otolithes rubber from Khuzestan province (Ahvaz city) were freshly caught and transported to the central laboratory. Fish were necrospy by standard methods and helminths in the digestive system and abdomen cavity were separated using sieve No. 100. The parasite specimens were collected then fixed in a solution contained 70% ethanol and 5% glycerin. Finally, isolated Nematodes were cleared in lactophenol, monted with glue Canadabalzam, examined under a light microscope, and identified by related keys of Bykhovskii (1964), Moravec(1994) at the genus level. Based on the results of this study, the fish infected with two zoonosis nematods, include Anisakis sp (10%) and Contracaecum sp. Keeping in mind the diseases caused by these parasites are zoonoses, it can be recommended that health practices should be considered, particulary in South areas of the country.

Glanders caused by Burkholderia mallei, is a zoonotic disease. mallein test is the most used method in diagnosis of glanders. mallein is still prepared of standard B. mallei strain (s). In order to characterize the genomic properties, we have studied nucleotide structure of 23SrDNA, flip and BimA genes of a B.mallei strain that is used for preparation of mallein at Razi Institute and also a B.mallei isolate collected from a diseased tiger linked to the latest glanders outbreak at Tehran zoo. The isolated bacteria were cultivated on specific media. Bacterial suspensions were used to inoculate two guinea pigs in order to develop Strauss phenomenon. Genomic DNA was extracted by Isoamyl alcohol-Chloroform method. The PCR developed by using specific primers of B.mallei (three pairs) and common between B.mallei and B.pseoudomallei (one pair). The nucleotide sequence of the amplified genes was compared with standard fully sequenced genome available in gene bank. Both inoculated guinea pigs developed the characteristic Strauss phenomenon. Bacterial growth was the quantitative and qualitative different in the media and animal boudy. The amplificating four loci were successful. The nucleotide sequence analysis indicated these four loci were identical in B.mallei sterain/isolate invegtigented. This strategy represented a diagnostic algorithm suitable for differentiation between B.mallei and B.pseudomallei. Because importance of disease and limitation of mullein test in clinical and advanced cases of glanders using of sensitive and rapid diagnostic methods dependent on PCR and aknowledge of epidemiology molecular of glanders, is useful.

Regardint to the development of nanotechnology and application of different nanomaterials in human life, concerns about the possible hazards due to release of these substances into the environment, particularly aquatic habitats is increasing. In the present study, the direct effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs as colloid) or its indirect effect (as a filter media coated with AgNPs) were investigated on histology changes in gill of newly hatched larvae of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this purpose, first group of newly hatched larvae were directly exposed to 0.015, 0.031, 0.062, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg.l-1 of colloidal AgNPs for twelve days; and the second group of larvae were transferred to incubation system which was equipped with filters coated with 0.5%wt AgNPs for twelve days. For histological studies, gill samples were prepared in a routine method and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method and eventually were investigated by light microscopy. The results showed that increase of AgNPs concentration, will causes increase in the gill filament and lamella thickness, hyperplasia, severe congestion, and fusion of gill lamella. Also with the increase of AgNPs concentration, the mean diameters of the gill lamella and filaments were increased significantly compared to the control groups (P<0.05). According to the obtained results, silver nanoparticles can cause tissue damage in the gills of rainbow trout larvae; therefore release of this material to the aquatic environments should be prevented.

Among zoonotic diseases, Brucellosis has been allocated the highest incidence of the disease worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate epidemiological aspects of Malta fever in Gylangharb city, Kermanshah province through 2008–2010. This study is a descriptive study - a retrospective analysis was performed on patients with Malta fever. To assess the effect of livestock vaccination programme on the incidence rate of the disease in human, data of vaccinating livestock according to year and type of livestock (cows, sheep and goat) were obtained from Veterinary Organization. In the present study, the highest number of incidence rate of the disease was in 2008 (42.87 per hundred thousand populations). Also, the highest reported numbers of cases were in the occupational group of farmers and ranchers. Based on the season, most of cases were observed in the spring. In addition, unpasteurized milk was determined as the most common way of transmission of the disease. During the period of the study, the incidence of Malta fever was found to decline with increasing vaccination of livestock. Based on the results, the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products were as the most important rout of transmission of the disease. Hence, in order to control the disease, it is necessary to educate people about the risk of consumption fresh and unpasteurized dairy products, especially raw milk and cheeses manufactured with raw milk.

Mice play a significant role in public health, mainly due to their role as carriers or reservoirs for microorganisms associated with infections and diseases that can be transmitted to humans. The present work was conducted to determine the presence of some zoonotic bacteria in the caecal, liver, kidney and nasopharynx samples of house mice (Mus musculus) trapped in rural houses of Shahrekord district in central, Iran. One hundred and seven mice living on rural houses (or in their vicinity) were randomly trapped and collected. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a period of six months. A total of four hundred and twenty eight specimens of nasopharynx, intestinal contents, liver and kidney (each=107) were used to isolate Strptobacillus moniliformis, streptococci, staphylococci, salmonella serotypes, E. coli and to detect pathogenic leptospira infection using PCR method. Data were presented as frequency and percentage. Infection by pathogenic Leptospira, S. moniliformis and coagulase positive Staphylococcus were not detected in specimens of liver, kidney and nasopharynx. The bacteria isolated in this study were E. coli (58.9%), Proteous vulgaris (7.5%) and Salmonella serotypes (5.6%). Coagulase negative staphylococci (19.6%), α –hemolytic Streptococcus (4.7%), β-hemolytic Streptococcus (7.5%) were the other dominant isolated bacteria. We concluded that the house mice in the studied areas may carry Salmonella spp, and β- hemolytic Streptococcus. In this study did not found other bacteria. It is essential to conduct the same survey at different times and places.

Human hydatidosis caused by ingestion of food contaminated by dog faeces containing the Echinococcus eggs, or direct contact with dogs. Surgery is the most essential way of treating this disease. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological status of hydatidosis in patients referred to hospitals in Lorestan Province from Khorramabad and other cities of this Province, from 2004 to 2011. In a descriptive retrospective study, information about patients infected with hydatid cyst who were hospitalized during 2004-2011 was retrieved from archives. Collected data were analyzed statistically. During 2004 -2011, from the total of 134 patients infected with hydatid cyst, 77 persons were female and 57 persons were male. The number of recorded operations was 112 persons. The highest rate of infection was recorded in the 20-30 years old patients (26%), followed by the 30-40 years old patients (23%), and 60- years old and above patients (19%). The highest number of infections occurred in 2010 (21%); followed by that of 2011 (20%). Most of the cysts (69%) were found in the liver, and in 7 cases (5.1%), in addition to the liver, the other organs were infected. Considering that there has been no desirable decrease in human hydatid cysts in Iran, it is suggested that educational programs, supervision of slaughtering of domestic animals, and euthanizing stray dogs should be carried out.

Internal parasitic diseases are very important in laboratory animal breeding systems. Additionally, producing clear laboratory animals for educational and research centers is very important. According to above notes it was decided to perform a screening study using normal methods of identification of gastrointestinal parasites (autopsy and isolation of parasites from gastrointestinal organs), then identification of collected parasites. So, parasites have been isolated from gastrointestinal organs of animals (Mouse, Rat, Hamster) they have been mounted on slides and were identified. This study was carried out from 2008 up to 2011, a three year period. Finally, screening data and identification card for any laboratory animal was verified according to the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) and documented. Totally fifty mice have been detected for gastrointestinal parasitological infections, 30% of mice had adult stage of oxyuris, 4% of mice were infected by adult cestoda (H.diminuta) and 40% of mice had protozoa infection of Giardiaspp. 15% cases of rats were infected by Oxyuris, and 15% were infected by Trichomosoides crassicauda and no protozoa infection was found in rats. 18% hamsters had Oxyuris and there was no protozoa infection in hamsters. Finally, regarding these records of parasitological infection in laboratory animals, it can be concluded that there are no clinical infection due to these agents and these records may help us to develop a better screening methods and certificate for laboratory animals.

Brucellosis is one of the most common infectious diseases among human and animals. It is regarded as a health problem for many countries, including Iran. Also it is very important disease in Human public health and has an important role in the economic and social complications in endemic areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of human Brucellosis in the Mobarake city, Iran during 2003-2010. In the present study the new cases of human brucellosis during 2003-2010 were identified and statistically analyzed, using SPSS software and descriptive statistical measures and X2 test.During 2003-2010, 139 new cases of brucellosis were recorded. In these years, it is in average of 12 cases in 100,000, the most incidence was in 2005 (19 in 100000). Of 139brucellosis cases, 45 women (32.4%) and 94 males (67.6%) were identified. Totally 50.4% of cases were belonged to patients in rural areas and 49.6% were live in urbanarea. The most common age group was 11-20 years and also the most incidence of disease was recorded in spring (48%) and summer (44%) seasons. The history of cases revealed that 69.6% of patients consume milk and dairy products, also 59.71% of cases had contact with animals. The highest incidence was observed in home business owners(27.3%).