فهرست مطالب

International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/03/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
|
  • Shahram Manoochehry, Hamid Reza Rasouli Page 39
    Acute abdominal events are either surgical or medical. Medical events are such as primary bacterial peritonitis and peritonitis secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease, in which usually only antibiotic administration and conservative therapy is enough. Acute abdominal surgical events are those which need surgical intervention to cure, such as acute appendicitis and secondary bacterial peritonitis. It seems that antibiotics are widely used in urgent or emergent abdominal surgical events due to current inflammation, ischemia, gangrene or stasis. In surgical events, Antibiotic administration is either prophylactic or therapeutic.
  • Tanaz Zabihi, Maedeh Shahsanaei Goneirani Pages 40-42
    The discovery of antibiotics followed by the extensive production of new antibiotics and their widespread use in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases has led to bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents. Despite global efforts to improve the status of antimicrobial treatment, the phenomenon of resistance against gram-negative bacteria has increased in communities and hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common human pathogen, is an oxidase-positive and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus considered an important opportunistic pathogen and the cause of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis, neoplasms, and severe burns. Infection caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important complications in hospitalized patients, and its incidence is increasing significantly in developed and developing countries. Based on the literature, it can be concluded that antibiotic resistance is higher in developing countries than developed ones, which is likely due to excessive antibiotic use in developing countries or the control of antibiotic use in developed ones.
    Keywords: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Antibiotic Resistance, Iran
  • Rajalingam Ramalingam Pages 43-46
    Introduction
    There are many types of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs), from transient erythema to severe life-threatening conditions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), with significant morbidity and mortality. Awareness of the local epidemiology of CADR may play a vital role in future clinical management protocols.
    Methods
    A retrospective review of all patients referred to the Department of Dermatology of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, with confirmed CADR from 2013 to 2016 was carried out to determine the epidemiology of CADR in the local population.
    Results
    A total of 62 reactions involving 59 patients were seen among 7,353 new patients, yielding an incident rate of 0.8% (yearly CADR rate range: 0.16 – 1.89%), with the highest rate seen among indigenous peoples (2.53%). SJS (15 cases) was the most frequent CADR, followed by maculopapular eruption (13) and TEN (6) among others. Severe CADRs (SJS, TEN, drug-related eosinophilia with systemic symptoms – DRESS, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis – AGEP) accounted for 40.3% of all reactions. Two-thirds of patients were aged between 21 and 60 years, while the mean age was 47.2 years (range: 3 – 92). More females (80.0%) had SJS than males (20.0%), but TEN showed a reverse pattern (83.3% males vs 16.7% females). Overall, the male:female ratio was 1.68:1. Allopurinol was the most common culprit drug causing SJS (7/15) and TEN (2/6). Cotrimoxazole and Cloxacillin were the two most common antimicrobials implicated in CADR, while the most common analgesic was Celecoxib. One-third of our patients took only a single drug, while the average number of drugs taken by a patient was three. Two patients died, one each from dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome and TEN, resulting in a mortality rate of 3.39%.
    Conclusion
    SJS was the most common CADR encountered in our center, while the most common culprit drug was allopurinol. Antibiotics as a group caused the most CADR.
    Keywords: Malaysia, Dermatology, Allopurinol, Anti-Infective Agents
  • Sadaf Haji Ahmadi, Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini, Mehrnoosh Jafari Pages 47-51
    Medical tourism is a new form of tourism that has seen increasing growth in recent years as an economic activity based on business services that link the two fields of medicine and tourism. Two of the most important issues to be considered in this regard are the marketing of medical tourism and the advantage of the relative competitive advantage. Therefore, the identification and prioritization of factors affecting the attraction of medical tourists might help to improve the quality and quantity of this new industry not only in Iran, but also in the world. From the viewpoint of academic experts in the field of tourism and medical tourism, physicians, hospital managers, and medical tourists, medical tourism in Iran is affected by service and welfare factors, advertising factors, physical factors, political and geographical factors, and human factors, respectively.
    Keywords: Health Tourism, Medical Tourism, Tourist Attraction
  • Mahmood Motamedzadeh, Hosein Mahmoudi, Batool Nehrir, Abbas Ebadi Pages 52-57
    Introduction
    Patient safety is a major public health problem. In fact, patient safety is a global health concern that affects patients in all areas of healthcare throughout the world, whether in developed or developing countries, and it is important to have a wide range of nursing practices such as education, clinics, and management. Considering the importance of patient safety in the quality of care and outcomes of patients, this study was conducted to systematically review patient safety in Iran and in the world.
    Methods
    This article follows the review of texts on patient safety dated between 2008 and 2016 found in Internet searches and library studies with the keywords "patient safety training", "quality of care", and "nursing" using databases such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ISI, which index the vast majority of published journals and publications. From the articles searched, 23 were obtained and reviewed. Out of the large amount of quantitative and qualitative studies found, articles about the patient safety in nursing were selected and their results are summarized in Table 1 below.
    Results
    The results of the review of 23 articles showed that patient safety in the majority of Iranian hospitals was at acceptable levels, and only in a few cities such as Shiraz and Hamadan.
    Conclusion
    According to the review, further planning is needed to improve the patient's safety, such as reducing mistakes, incidents of falling, hospital infections, surgical complications, and improving other safety features so that all hospitals in the future will be upgraded to safety-friendly hospitals.
    Keywords: Patient Safety Education, Quality of Care, Nursing
  • Taiwo Akhigbe, Ardalan Zolnourian Pages 58-61
    Introduction
    Outdated communication technology in neurosurgery can place effective patient care and safety in jeopardy. Patients care in neurosurgery has significantly improved with the introduction of modern equipment and recent technology for effective and efficient patient care. WhatsApp represents as a safe, efficient, easily affordable and cost effective technology. This study aims to review the use of dedicated WhatsApp for facilitating communication in neurosurgery setting for the first time and discusses its attendant effect on ethics, professional and social implication.
    Methods
    A systematic literature search was performed to evaluate and analyse current evidence with regards to dedicated WhatsApp use in neurosurgery using databases including Medline, EMBASE and Google Scholar. The keywords employed in this search strategy include WhatsApp, social media, ethics, professionalism, and neurosurgery. The inclusion criteria are any type of study relevant to the review, studies on adult human patients only, papers only published in English and seminal papers relevant to this study.
    Results
    The systematic literature search yielded 750 articles. Furthermore, twelve studies were identified after the removal of non-relevant studies and duplicates. Final screen of eligibility for dedicated WhatsApp Messenger usage yielded two articles. A prospective observational study by Kankane et al. and a letter by Graziano et al., which described in detail WhatsApp use in neurosurgical centers. Also, in five neurosurgical centers, dedicated WhatsApp use were identified. Currently there is significant paucity of evidence of WhatsApp use in Neurosurgery.
    Conclusion
    The inventor of WhatsApp has widely helped in developing a completely novel and innovative technology with the potential to improve patient care. This is while, the current form of WhatsApp has been considered to be unsafe in terms of ethical implication to handle patient data and eventually, is inappropriate for use in clinical environments. It can be mentioned that a more secure alternative will definitely come to use in clinical environments.
    Keywords: WhatsApp, Social Media, Ethics, Professionalism, Neurosurgery
  • Belinda Gousta Pages 62-63
    Homeopathy as a Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and a holistic medicine can solve some of modern medical problems. Homeopathy, with an age of about 200 years old, first introduced by Samuel Hahnemann a German physician in 1810 and treatment for diseases with about 3,000 homeopathic remedies was addressed based on a golden principle named as “Like cure like” (similia similibus curentur). The origin of homeopathic medicines is as follows: herbal (> 80%), salts (10%-15%) and animal (about 5%). All homeopathic remedies have been recognized by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States of America in 1938 as "medicine," not a supplement or vitamin. Also, in the largest study in Switzerland in 2011, it has been approved that homeopathic remedies were effective, safe and cost-effective. To the extent that after this study, Switzerland joined the countries of Germany, England, France, Denmark and Luxembourg and provided homeopathic remedies under insurance