International Journal of Medical Reviews
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

As you know, neuroprotective plants are utilized in healthy custom by ancient people in all of the world. These products apply by many format such as drink, inhaler, pomade, and so on. Lavandula (ostokhodoos), Matricaria (Babouneh), Lemon balm (Badranjbouyeh), Hyoscyamus niger (Bang daneh), Orange blossom (Baharnarenj), Matricaria (Bidmeshk), and Matricaria (Tarangabin) are 7 of important neuroprotector agents that have the most usage in Iran. This serial study has focused on this 1st series of narrative review because of the natural neuroprotector agent’s use in so wide variety forms. Effective substance is real aim for their applications. The medicinal uses of neuroprotector plants are least exploited. These may provide more effective to aid in the control of many kind of health disorder and improve patient quality of life. The data was collected from different sources. So taking these into consideration, the current issue about neuroprotector plants, covering general aspects such as basic properties to help classify them. An overview of current search for natural specification. This survey on use belonging to what, where, when, how, and why that formed the ontology tool in this study for all different types of neuroprotector plants. The data showed that neuroprotector plants can be exploited for human healthy frontier value so many of these materials possess medicinal properties so can be utilized for curing many neurobiological problems as a complementary way. During this narrative about 49 of them would be produced in 7 papers in a series of time.

Anger is considered as one of the most important and impressive emotions throughout human ontogenic and phylogenic history. Anger management is one the main domains of psychology which does not work on triggers, but on reaction to them, so that any given individual which is frequently excited with internal and external activating provocations, can restraint and control her/his anger. The aim of the present study was to systematically reviewing research literature about anger management in order to investigating and identifying varied methods of anger management and control in Persian and non-Persian sources.
In the present systematic review, keywords include “anger, anger management, anger control, anger restraint, anger handling, coping with anger, anger reduction, anger prevention, anger avoidance, escape from anger” was searched in “PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Google Patent, MagIran, SID, Proquest, Ebsco, Springer, IEEE, Kolwer, & IranDoc” search engines and according to relation to study parts, academic publishing, publishing after 1990 and Jadad system relevant sources were selected. The manuscript then, finalized by evaluation of five experts in anger domain via Delphi method.
Systematic literature review of anger management revealed five major methods in CBT, three Islamic, and one eclectic method of anger management in clinical settings.
Discussion and There are a few outcome and/or comparative studies about the effect size of varied anger management and control methods, and most of the sources comprise books, Book chapters, and/or instructions. It appears that in future studies, it would be better to include pre-test/post-test sections to assess and evaluate the efficiency of different anger management methods in varied population sectors.

Pediatrics pleural effusion is an abnormality that frequently develops from collection of fluids in the pleural space and commonly caused by a primary phenomenon or secondary to variety of disorders such as infections. This accumulated fluid can be originated from excessive filtration or defective absorption caused by different infectious agents such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is the most common, or non-infectious factors like lymphoma or congestive heart failure. It may present a various range of complications from a self-limited one to respiratory failure. Pediatrics pleural effusion is most commonly seen in boys and younger children. The incidence and distribution of pleural effusion is increasing in most industrial countries according to the population studies. The prognosis is highly related to the underlying disorder as well as treatment approach. early drainage of fluid may dramatically reduce the rate of mortality and morbidity. Clinical manifestations are variable depended on the underlying disease, size, and location of the effusion. They range from persistent fever, cough, anorexia, malaise, tachypnea, dyspnea, and chest pain, like in infectious pneumonia, to abdominal pain, distension and vomiting. In physical examinations a pleural rub may be the only initial manifestation during the early stage of pleurisy. A large amount of fluid diminishes the chest excursion on the affected side and may shift the mediastinum and displace the trachea and cardiac apex to the contralateral side, unilaterally. Initial diagnostic test for ruling out the different causes of pleural effusion is analyzing the pleural fluid apparently and biochemically. Also imaging tests could be used such as chest radiography so as to ensure the existence of pleural effusion. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scanning are also beneficial for a more accurate assessment. In most affected cases removing underlying etiologies and also applying supportive care are sufficient to heal effusion, which can range from antibiotic therapy and using fibrinolytics to chest tube drainage. Surgical therapy in patients with pleural effusion with the failed medical management has remained controversial, though. Thus, selection of the best management approach can result in favorable outcomes and significantly reduces morbidity and mortality rates.

Given the increase in the number of obese patients worldwide, economic costs and financial losses caused by obesity, it seems essential to change eating behavior and thought patterns. Non-invasive treatment of obesity, such as physical activity, diet and medication, as well as invasive surgery, have not been successful in treatment of obesity, and reduced weight in most cases returns and weight maintenance has not been stable.
In order to fulfill the purpose of the study google scholar , Science Direct , PubMed , EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases were searched for the key words weight loss, weight maintenance , obesity, in addition to cognitive behavioral therapy/CBT , lifestyle, behavioral therapy and other related terms and text words to find articles in English between 1970 to 2015.
New treatments for obesity should be multi-dimensional interventions. Cognitive behavioral therapy along with diet and exercise should be used to improve the effectiveness of traditional methods. Cognitive-behavioral therapy of obesity is based on the cause and nature of obesity. This intervention is effective for treating obesity with a focus on sustainable change in lifestyle.
In this review success in an intervention program for the treatment of adult obesity consists of CBT is explained and aimed to evaluate the effect of CBT on obesity treatment since 1970 to 2015.

Food insecurity refers to the limited or unreliable access to sufficient quantity and quality of food or the restricted opportunities to obtain food through socially approved ways which turning into the major health concern , has been the cause of so many chronic diseases such as obesity.
To achieve the present study’s objectives certain data bases as google scholar, Science Direct, PubMed , Scopus, Ovid, Eric, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and PsychInfo concurrent with the key words "food insecurity", "food hardship", , "hunger", " food security ", "obesity", "race","minority",poverty " ," food assistance " and also various other related words and phrases have comprehensively been searched since 1995 till 2016. The main criterions for the articles to be enlisted in the study were availability of the full text, English standing as the source language of the article, and the publication date being between 1995 and 2016.
Food insecurity and the obesity prevalence among the members of the families strongly depend on certain factors as the age, sex, marital status, stressors, income levels, ethnicity and race. After reviewing the articles enlisted in the current study regarding the risk of obesity among various age and sex groups, diverse results were obtained.
Due to similar affecting agents on the emerge of food insecurity and the obesity prevalence, there seems to exist direct associations between food insecurity and the obesity which could be obviously recognized among most of the age and gender groups.

Ischemia due to oxygen and nutrient deficit, as well as waste producing causes tissue damage or organ dysfunction. Ischemia can be achieved in various tissues during surgery, organ transplantation, and use of certain drugs, sickle cell anemia, congestive heart disease, stroke and other motives. Also reperfusion of ischemic tissue can cause more serious damage. Recently, research strategies have been concentrated on the preconditioning mechanisms, such as pharmacological preconditioning which is used to increase tolerance to ischemia. Erythropoietin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can be effective in reducing the damage caused by ischemia.
In this paper, a review was performed on erythropoietin role in reducing the tissue damage related to ischemia in brain, heart, kidney, intestine, liver and lung. The review was done between 2003 up 2016 years in regard to preconditioning mechanisms and protective signaling pathway in tissues.
Findings: The results suggest that erythropoietin may be increase tolerance to ischemia in tissues through its effects on oxidative pathways, inhibition of inflammatory reactions and anti-apoptotic effects. The drug efficiency is related to dose and time of drug administration, and it appears that the greatest protective effect is related to its antioxidant property.
According to the studies, there is a hope that the drug could be used in the future as a preventive agent of ischemia, in ischemia-threatening conditions, especially during the surgeries. However, investigation of probable side effects of the drug use is mandatory for its final approval.

Decision making on DNR is the only unique treatment decision that is formed before the treatment occurs . Since the decision making on DNR is dependent on moral, religious and legal issues , then, it is a complicated and difficult decision and largely depends the religious beliefs of a society.
This study was conducted by review article methodology, without time limitation, through searching electronic bibliographic information and internet databases and sites such as Medline, EMBASE, Springer, Blackwell Sengery, Elsevier, Scopus, Cochran Library and also databases including SID, Iran Medex and Magiran. In addition, a manual search was done on articles references.
The Jewish religion, life is extremely valuable and no one has the right to shorten it. The only exception is when physiologic resuscitation is not possible or the patient is an imminently dying or moribund person. Most Christians believe that the patient has the right to reject trying to be revived. Muslims must take the necessary measures to prevent premature death. However, treatments that prolong life for patients who, physicians are certain, do not have a great chance of survival, can be discontinued or not initiated.
Decision making on DNR is the only unique treatment decision that is formed before the treatment occurs. Since the decision making on DNR is dependent on religious, then, it is a complicated and difficult decision and largely depends on communitie's understanding of human dignity. Perhaps it is necessary to learn about patient’s religious beliefs on admission to health systems in order to establish a better communication and plan a treatment regimen for them which suits their religions.