نشریه سلامت اجتماعی
سال سوم شماره 3 (تابستان 1395)

To achieve overall human health, social health in recent decades has been considered as one of the main health dimensions. Defining and measurement social health of any society varies according to its situation. By determining and measuring its characteristics, social health status of society is determined to make evidence-based interventions.
This study was conducted in two phases of qualitative and quantitative. In qualitative phase, framework and indicators were extracted by literature review. In quantitative phase, the information of provinces was obtained from official sources. The final indicators were extracted by expert's opinions about the importance and accuracy of the information respectively. Through standardization of individual indicators and using additive model, total score of social health is calculated and then provinces were ranked. Using ArcGIs software, geographical view of social health was constructed.
Based on composite index including 39 indicators, the most important characteristics of a healthy society is a society where there are no drug use, child labor, divorce, unemployment academics, discipline and inadequate care for children and smoking. Yazd had highest social health and "Sistan and Baluchestan" Province won the last rank.
This study draws a complete view of the province's social health as an important tool for evidence based policy making. It is suggested that for monitoring future trends, similar studies should be conducted every 3-5 years.

Spirituality as a cultural fact is one of the principles that will affect many aspects of life. This research aims to build a scale to assess and evaluate the reliability and validity of spiritual experiences and its exploratory factor structure.
The research was a correlational study. The study population included all employees of the Shahid Beheshti University, including 220 participants (105 females and 115 males) with the stratified sampling and proportional allocation method and Cohen's d formula, were selected. The instrument was spiritual experience scale (SES). For assessing the internal validity of instrument correlation coefficient was used for each question and the total score categories. The exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the 25 items of the scale. internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and retest was used for concurrent validity.
In the initial factor analysis, three factors were obtained with the particular value of greater than 1 and second factor analysis was limited to these three factors. Based on the content of the material three factors were named "personal relationship with God," "communication and perception beyond" and "the presence of God and receive spiritual support." The internal consistency of this scale was good (Cronbach's alpha, 93.0 and repeatability within ten days, 78.0).
The study showed that the spiritual experience scale in Iranian society was valid and reliable. So self-report scale is a useful tool for research purposes.

The role of gender beliefs and thinking styles in creating an interpersonal understanding are significant and it can be said that if the family environment, education, and employment of people with their thinking style is consistent or inconsistent, it can have stronger or weaker effect at different stages of life. The aim of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on gender beliefs and thinking styles of married women in Tehran.
The method of study was correlation. The study population consisted of all married women referred to health centers of area two of Tehran in 2015-16. Using cluster sampling, 220 samples were selected. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used.
The results showed that marital satisfaction has a significant positive correlation with the belief masculine gender (P The results of this study showed that gender beliefs and thinking styles is an important resource to predict marital satisfaction.

One of the important concepts of social psychology is cognitive dissonance. When our practice is in conflict with our previous attitudes often change our attitude so that we will operate in concert with; this is cognitive dissonance. The aim of this study was evaluation of relation between decision making styles, personality traits and physiological components of cognitive dissonance and also offering a statistical model about them.
In this correlation study, 130 students of Elmi-Karbordi University of Safadasht were invited and they were asked to complete Scott & Bruce Decision-Making Styles Questionnaire and Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire. Before and after distributing those questionnaires, their physiological conditions were receded. Cognitive dissonance was induced by writing about reducing amount of budget which deserved to orphans and rating the reduction of interest of lovely character that ignore his or her fans. Data analysis conducted through regression and multi vitiate covariance.
There were correlation between cognitive styles (Avoidant, dependent, logical and intuitive) and also personality variables (Flight and Approach, active avoidance, Fight and Extinction) with cognitive dissonance. The effect of cognitive (decision making styles) and personality variables on physiological components was mediate indirectly through cognitive dissonance, in levels of P=0.01 and P=0.05 difference, was significant.
Decision making styles and personality traits are related to cognitive dissonance and its physiological components, and also predict physiological components of cognitive dissonance.

Common sources of chromium in wastewater are electroplating and leather industries. Thus, the aim of this study is synthesis activated carbon fiber/zinc oxide composite to remove of Cr (VI) from polluted water.
The immobilization of zinc oxide (ZNO) on activated carbon fiber (ACF) was accomplished by Sol-gel method and synthesized activated carbon fiber composite (ACF/ZNO),was used to reduction of chromium under ultraviolet light from aqueous solution. And characterized by BET, SEM, XRD. After the design of the reactor, hexavalent chromium stock solution, using a solution of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in distilled water, were prepared. The residual concentration of chromium was analyzed by the 1,5-diphenylcar-bazide method using a spectrophotometer at a wave length of 540 nm.
The XRD results showed that a typical hexagonal phase for ZnO. The SEM results showed that zinc oxide were distributed on the ACF surface. It showed that the BET surface area was related to adsorption capacity for composite. Parameters effect, including concentration of pollutants, composite dose and pH were studied.
In optimal conditions, initial chromium concentration of 5 mg/l, composite dose 2.5 g/l and a pH of 3, after 120 minutes, system removal efficiency was 85%.

Marriage is base of family creation and human race reproduction. Evaluation mental health of couples; diagnosis and treatment of mental disorder are essential and should be considered before marriage. The aim of this study was to investigate the mental health in young couple referred to consulting center before marriage.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 194 young couples. The data collection instruments included the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (which has 4 subunits depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms and function) and a questionnaire form consist of personal information and factors associated with mental health. Data were analyzed using, Chi-Squere or Fisher exact test and t- tests.
The mean (SD) total GHQ score was 22.3 (8.8) in females and 18.7 (8.5) in men (P=0.004). 29.9 % men and 37% women had mental health problem. The mean (SD) total GHQ score was 21.9 (9.1) in the age group 21 to 25 which was higher than the other age groups, and in those with a higher diploma degree was 23.3 (11.7) which was higher than the other educational groups (P= 0.005).
Young couples with age 21-25 years old, females and couples with high educational levels had lower mental health than other groups. Therefore, early screening and diagnosis of these problems can prevent impact of these disorders on job performance and social and interpersonal relationship.