فصلنامه شیعه پژوهی
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1396)

The Mutazila is one of the intellectual-religious movements that led to the emergence of a major intellectual change among Muslims. The introduction of their verbal ideas has influenced the change in the nature of some thoughts of the Islamic society and has led to different positions. Among the most important theological issues of this cult, which resulted in the positions of different people, including Imam Hadi (AS) (220-254 BC) their viewpoints are on the word of God and the topics related to Imamate due to the inadequate cultural situation and the turmoil of the votes, Imam's positions were very important. This article is a descriptive-analytical method based on historical and hadith sources in addition to expressing the conflicts of the flow of Mutazil with Imamiyya in these matters (the Word of God and Imamate), and addresses the kind of encounter and behavior of Imam with them and removing the damages that the Islamic community has received from this area of thought. Lettering with the Shiites, the debate, the rejection of the raised doubts, the explanation of the correct thought in the form of prayer and pilgrimage (society and Ghadiriyya) can be cited from as Imam Hadi's solutions

In the tradition of Thaqalayn, the prophet left Quran and his household as as two divine ropes for Muslims to hold on to. However, the superiority of Quran over Imam or vice-versa is not obvious. Therefore, the question is: Is superiority mentioned in the Thaqalayn tradition?What is the direction of and reason for superiority?
Based on the investigation carried out in this paper Mulla Ismail Khajouie was the First scholar who proved reasons. His main premise was the traditions of Thaqalayn In some of these traditions, Quran has been introduced as the major premise and he considers major equal to superior.His other premise is the tradition that has presented Quran as the premise superior to all other premises. In this paper, after carrying out field investigations and using religious resources as well as studying the Thaqalayn traditions, I have criticized Khajouie's arguments and come to the conclusion that the concept of superiority is derived from Thaqalayn traditions and considering its different directions, the concept of superiority might have different realizations. That means, Quran and the Prophet's household are equal disregarding their followers. Therefore, superiority is meaningless in this regard. But if we take the followers of Quran and the household into consideration, Imams will be superior to Quran because of the difficulty in interpreting Quran similarly since the household of the prophet are the interpreters of Quran, Quran is considered superior to the household

One of the important faith issues between the two main Islamic sects is Caliphate of the Prophet. The Shiites believe that inheritor of the holy prophet is a strict matter and it comes from the verses and prophecy traditions. But the majority of the Sunnis disagree with it.Abozahav, the Egyptian writer, is one of figures that has such an idea. In addition of that, he has expressed that the traditions of Imam Ali inheritor has made by the Shiites. His most important reason is that Imam Ali himself has denied them. This study wants to evaluate Abuzahav viewpoint by descriptive – analytical method. According to it, there are multiple verses such as the Velayat verse and repeatedly stated traditions like, the Ghadir and Thaghalayn traditions, and many historicalandliterary evidences and reasons all of which fully confirm Ali's appointment from the God and the Prophet for the inheritor and subrogation

The religious bondage of the Shiite Imams of Iran and Lebanon in successive centuries, especially from the Safavid period, was not limited to the religious scholars of the Lebanese scholars for the Iranian Shiites; this conjunction became interlinked with time, and the religious culture of the Shiites and religious scholars of Iran and Lebanon was relatively influential. Became In this cultural trade, some of the damage and religious anomalies have also been shifted. Among the distortions and superstitions in Ashura, Mrs. Sabrina Murón has mentioned in her book that the influence of Lebanese Shiite mourning on Iran has led to the displacement of Ashura's distortions and superstitions, and some of the Lebanese reformist scholars led by Mohsen Amin sought to correct it. In the leading research, while analyzing this issue in the 70-year period (1880-1943, 1259-1322 AD, 1297-1362 AD), the religious history of the Shiites of Lebanon, also referred to the effectiveness of the reformist movement of the Shiite scholars of Lebanon from the religious reform of Iran. It seems that religious reform, especially the mourning customs of Ashura, has been two-sided, and the scholars of both sides have been affected

The tradition of holly prophet is considered as the most significant resource after holly Quran for all Muslims. Muslims attempt to keep saved this resource emphasized by prophet to refrain it from heretic behavior. According to some Sunni scholars this resource is considered as the second part of the dual resource (al-Thaqalayn) inherited by the prophet. Although the Muslim attempted to keep tradition saved and tried to follow it in life practice but there are many evidences that some heretic act has taken place so nobody could dare to deny its occurrence. The aim in this paper is to deal with the reason and basis of such heretic action regarding tradition. Of course there is no doubt that there are many reasons which are seen in opposing with Ahl al- Bayt. The writer attempts in the paper in descriptive – analytic method to find out what is the nature of such activities. The result displays that some Sunni scholars deliberately have changed the tradition due to Shiite`s commitment to such tradition in order to oppose them

Among the Safavid kings, Shah Tahmasb I has played an important role in establishing the secular Shia in Iran. During his long-term government, he took a lot of actions on this route, which has had many various consequences. The origins of the origins of religious policies and how Shah Tahmasb's Shiite beliefs and interests are expressed in his cultural practices is the main issue of this research.
Variables such as the political and religious conditions of Shah Tahmasb's time and background have been influential in this regard. It seems that the main priority of Shah Tahmasb in the field of cultural and religious policy is the elevation of the position of the Prophet's family in society, which stems from his beliefs and inner desires. In this regard, by describing some of Shah Tahmasb's actions, in this research will try to provide an adequate analysis of the position of Ahl al-Bayt