نشریه علوم و فنون ایمنی ایران
سال دوم شماره 4 (زمستان 1394)

Despite the comfort and relative prosperity that has brought to mankind by modern technologies, some risks and threats is also created. These risks and hazardous factors must be assessed and controlled using systematic risk assessment and management techniques. In order to analysis the system hazards, several techniques and methods have been developed which each one has their own strengths and weaknesses. One of the hazard analysis techniques which is categorized as qualitative techniques and inductively identify and analyze the system hazards is called Functional Hazard Analysis (FuHA). The primary purpose of the FuHA is to identify and mitigate hazards resulting from the malfunction or incorrect operation of system functions and can lead to occurrence an undesirable event. In this study, the functional hazards of an industrial unit were analyzed using FuHA technique. By implementing FuHA techniques in under study industrial unit, 17 functional failures were identified and In general, according to the severity of the different consequences of detected faults, 60 functional hazards were identified which seven cases, unacceptable, 17 cases, undesirable and 36 cases acceptable but needs revision was evaluated. The results of this study showed that FuHA technique has a good ability to identify and analyze the functional hazards of system and sub-system, particularly software subsystems.

In order to identified occupational hazard with JSA(Job Safety Analysis)method. Goal from study JSA process include the Break down the job into discrete steps, Identify hazards, unsafe conditions, and unsafe work practices associated with each step. This cross-sectional study was conducted. This study has been performed in a productictive company in one of industrial rubbery. to approach this goal, some actions have performed such as: to generate JSA team, choose of work shop and instance jobs, to fix task and steps, identify hazard and present the best controls. JSA was completed for each tab. Investigating the frequency of accidents in the various units of the factory Banobery unit with 144 risk, extruder unit 80 risk, cutting unit 11, curing unit 61 risk, single tube and flap 110 risk was identified.With this method, risk identification and assessment, 415 were killed, 252 of them are unacceptable, undesirable, 154 cases, 8 were acceptable with no passable appeals and 1 appeal with the technology. The findings showed that the risk of noise exposure (60%) and the risk of heat exposure (48%) were the most frequent. The most important risks in the study subjects related to physical and thermal stresses, particularly noise and heat. Therefore, to remove or reduce the level of risk the dangers of control measures such as the use of sound-absorbing, sound source separation, thermal insulation and water supply needed in the workplace is recommended.

Accidents are the leading causes of death and disability among children in the world. Annually, millions of people affect with disabilities caused by accident and children who survived these events, may find the need to permanent care taking and the child and his family’s aspects of life will be overshadowed. This study was done aiming the epidemiologic survey of accidents in children admitted to Tuyserkan city hospital in 2013. This is a cross-sectional study that was done on over 133 ten-year-old or younger children who were admitted to emergency unit of Tuyserkan city hospital because of the accident. Required data were extracted by the designed Checklist of related folders and finally, were analyzed, using SPSS software V.16. Results showed that among the victims of accidents, 64.66% were boys and 35.34% girls. The highest numbers of accidents were happened at the age of 3-4 and the lowest at the age of 7-8, and the highest numbers of accidents were frequently happened at homes, in alleys and streets, highways and roads and recreational areas, etc., respectively.As the cause of accident, the highest frequency is related to falling with 48.9% and then traffic accidents with 24.1%; and the lowest, related to suicide, poisoning and violence with 0.8%. Urgent prevention against occurring accidents among children is a remarkable issue that requires the immediate necessary planning, and performing controlled and protective programs in health, educational and recreational centers for children.

Among the different jobs and activities, the construction industry is one of the most dangerous activities in the world. In recent years occupational accidents Statistics of the construction industry were higher than from other industries. WHO emphasizes that workers exposed to occupational stress, experience low motivation and quality of life, lower efficiency and productivity as well as lower health and safety in the workplaces. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of occupational stress and its relation with occupational accidents among workers in a construction industry. These cross-sectional studies were designed on 150 of the 450 employees working in a construction industry. Data gathering was done by a demographic form and questionnaire about stress. After the data entry into SPSS software, analysis was done by descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression. This study showed that the scope of job stress scores were between 50 and 148, and an average of 94 with a standard deviation of 15. Based on the obtained data, it is revealed that the stress level was inappropriate. Also for accident was found that 33% of workers had history workplace accidents. Among them 13% and 18% had experienced minor and major severity. According to the results of statistical analysis, there was no significant correlation between the seven subscales of stress with history of accidents, accident severity, marital status, number of children, education level, occupation, regular exercise and smoking (P> 0.05), but there was significant correlation between the type of job and the rest times (P <0.05). In summary the subjects stress was evaluated undesirable. So the challenge of job stress should be considered as a priority in the occupational health services. Also according to the results, the importance and the positive role of the training about principles and standards of occupational safety and health should not be forgotten for the studied workers.

Due to improved technology, wind power has found competitive with conventional sources of fossil fuels. To produce electricity in large quantities, which can supply the demanded network power we need to establish a farm or wind Turbine Park. It includes a series of wind turbines so-called wind power. Takestan Wind farm turbines installed for the first time in Iran and produced by Mapna. Each turbine has a capacity of 2.5 megawatts. In the field of wind power plants, still there exist no clear standards and rules regarding the safety, health and environment. To prevent adverse events in the wind power plants HSE considerations must to be considered in every phase of a wind farm. Incidents related to turbine blades, lightning, ice throw, environmental damage, earthquake, explosion turbines, work at height, etc. are some of the factors that could cause hazards and emergency conditions in a wind turbine farm. This thesis studies these factors and investigates the risk analysis during the operation phases in Takestan wind farm. Results shows that noise pollution do not affect regional habitant's conformance. It is to necessary that power plant staffs inform and well teaches towards to work at height and turbine ice throwing. Also it needs to consider suitable appliance to deal with the risks of other risk factors, such as lightning stroke, the earthquake and done.

Nowadays, in most countries of the world, especially in industrial societies and the societies in which the social and economical chaos have disrupted the normal life, social sources of stress have got common more than ever, in a way that stress is considered as the black plague in the current era that can be caused human error and accident. This study is of the descriptive-analytical kind, which was performed in a temporary way. The sample was consisted of all nurses working in governmental hospitals of Shahroud city. Sampling was performed through consensus, and the Cooper’s job stress questionnaire was used for collecting data. SPSS software and one-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) test were used to analyze the data. 56 percents of research units have experienced severe stress. Using the ANOVA test, a significant relationship was observed between the average years of employment and the kind of the hospital and the average level of stress (p<0.05). Our results show that in the begging years of employment and in nurses with low record of employment stress is severe, and after ten years of employment stress level declines. Conflict with other nurses and physicians, and also lacking enough skill for performing nursing services, are the main causes of prevalence of stress among nurses in governmental hospitals in Shahroud. Their factor is the main couses of human error in this staff.