فهرست مطالب

Herbmed Pharmacology - Volume:5 Issue: 4, Oct 2016

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Oct 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/08/05
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Abdolshakoor Raissi, Mina Arbabi, Javad Roustakhiz, Masih Hosseini Pages 125-130
    Introduction
    Haplophyllum tuberculatum, belonging to the Rutaceae family, is distributed in south-eastern regions of Iran, particularly in Baloochestan. This study was aimed to investigate and collect scientific reports such as morphological characteristics, phytochemical compounds, ecology, biotechnology and evaluation of the therapeutic properties of this valuable medicinal plant.
    Methods
    In order to gather the information the keywords Haplophyllum tuberculatum, botany, genetic, biotechnology, therapeutic, and pharmacology were searched until 2016 from journals accessible in databases such as Scopus, EBSCO, Science Direct, Medline, PubMed, Embase, SID and Iran Medex.
    Results
    The results in this study revealed various pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, antioxidantant, uterus-relaxing, anti-bacterial and anti-HIV activities for this plant which are probably due to the presence of aromatic compounds such as two alkaloids named haplophytin-a and B, and essential oils.
    Conclusion
    Haplophyllum tuberculatum possesses various pharmacological properties and the bioactive molecules of this plant play an important role in human health, hence, it might be used for different drug productions.
    Keywords: Haplophyllum tuberculatum, Medicinal plant, Sistan, Baloochestan
  • Acharya Balkrishna, Hemanth Manikyam, Vinay Sharma, Niti Sharma Pages 131-136
    Introduction
    The Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome has a long history of use in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese system of medicine for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Today it is viewed as an important therapeutic target in both Western and Eastern medicinal systems. This work was aimed to study the clastogenic effect of Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
    Methods
    Hydroalcoholic extract of rhizome was prepared and mammalian chromosomal aberration test was conducted using cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The study was performed in two independent phases where the human peripheral blood lymphocytes were exposed to various of the extract in absence and presence of metabolic activation system for a continuous and short duration.
    Results
    Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract did not induce chromosome aberration up to 2500 μg/mL in final culture concentration in the presence (1% v/v) and absence of metabolic activation.
    Conclusion
    Picrorhiza kurroa rhizome extract is completely safe to be used as a medicine since it manifest its healing effects without causing genotoxicity.
    Keywords: Picrorhiza kurroa, Rhizome, Chromosome aberration, Human peripheral blood lymphocytes
  • Sepideh Gholizadeh, Saeid Valipour, Chahardahcharic, Hossein Sazegar Pages 137-142
    Introduction
    Diabetes is caused by defects in insulin secretion or function. Diabetes causes structural and functional damage in the central and peripheral nervous system, including degeneration of the memory system. The present study is an attempt to determine the effect of eggplant extract on memory retrieval in diabetic rats.
    Methods
    Mature male Wistar rats (200-250 g) are divided into five groups (n = 7): 1) healthy (control), 2) untreated diabetic, 3, 4 and 5) diabetic rats treated by the hydroalcoholic extract of eggplant (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Rats with streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) became intraperitoneally diabetic. On the fifth day after receiving the STZ, the animals with blood glucose higher than 200 mg/dL, were considered diabetic. The control group only received saline and the treated diabetic group received eggplant extract orally for two weeks. The healthy group did not receive any medication or extract. Shuttle box was used to assess the spatial memory of the rats.
    Results
    Eggplant extract in higher doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (P
    Conclusion
    STZ increased blood glucose, resulting in spatial memory deficits, And this has probably occurred through the production of free radicals in the brain tissue. It seems that, in addition to reducing blood glucose levels, eggplant, due to containing compounds with antioxidant properties, can reduce free radicals and thereby improve memory deficits caused by diabetes.
    Keywords: Diabetes, Avoidance memory, Eggplant, Rat, Streptozotocin
  • Tahoora Shomali, Mahdi Raeesi, Narges Eskandari, Roozbahani Pages 143-148
    Introduction
    The present study investigated protective effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats along with its possible mechanism(s).
    Methods
    Eighty male adult rats were randomly allocated into 8 groups as follows: 1: negative control (NC); 2, 3 and 4: positive control (PC, distilled water), vehicle control (VC, corn oil) and comparative control (CC, omeprazole 20 mg/kg in distilled water), respectively; 5, 6, 7 and 8: treated with 100, 200, 400 and 800 μL/kg Z. multiflora essential oil. After 1 hour, gastric ulcer was induced by 4 mL/kg 75% ethanol orally to rats of groups 2-8. One hour later, blood samples were collected and then all rats were sacrificed and their stomachs were immediately removed.
    Results
    In PC and VC groups severe lesions were observed in stomachs where mucosal lesions in CC group as well as groups treated with Z. multiflora essential oil (especially higher doses) were very mild with regard to ulcer area and number. No significant difference was observed in mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level among groups, gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO) content was significantly higher in rats treated with Z. multiflora essential oil at 200, 400 and 800 μL/kg as compared to PC group. Rats in CC, Z. multiflora 400 and Z. multiflora 800 groups showed higher mucosal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared to PC group.
    Conclusion
    Z. multiflora essential oil has a gastro-protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats which is probably due to its antioxidant and NO production enhancing effect.
    Keywords: Zataria multiflora Boiss., Essential oil, Gastric ulcer, Rat, Nitric oxide, Antioxidant
  • Chibueze Ihekwereme, Chukwuemeka Agbata, Kingsley Chukwueze, Sandra Agu Pages 149-152
    Introduction
    Malaria is a global concern especially with the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The need exist for newer and effective antimalarial agents. Hydroethanolic stem extract of Baphia pubescens has been used for the treatment of malaria in traditional medical settings. This study explores the antimalarial potential of this extract.
    Methods
    The lethal dose of hydroethanolic stem extracts of B. pubescens was determined. Phytochemical screening of the extract was done using standard methods. Experimental animals received graded doses of the extract once daily for 3 days. In vivo antiplasmodial activity was assessed by the Rane’s curative test, using P. berghei infected mice.
    Results
    The extract demonstrated a dose-dependent curative activity at the tested doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg). Complete (100%) parasite clearance was achieved (on day 4 post-treatment) at 400 mg/kg dose, which is greater than the standard drug used (artemether-lumefantrine). The extract is considered safe since the lethal dose was higher than 5000 mg/kg.
    Conclusion
    This study demonstrated that hydroethanolic extracts of B. pubescens has promising antimalarial activity. This supports the local use of B. pubescens as an anti-malarial agent. Further studies need to be done to identify and characterize the active principles/substances in the extract.
    Keywords: Baphia pubescens, Baphia bancoensis, Parasitemia, Antimalaria, Herbs
  • Samaneh Zafari, Shayan, Shirin Moradkhani, Dara Dastan Pages 153-156
    Introduction
    Phlomis bruguieri and Phlomis olivieri are two species of genus Phlomis, growing in Iran. Different species of this genus have shown various biological activities and also contain a wide range of compounds. It has been proved that both species increase sunflower oil stability and inhibit its oxidation. The aim of this study was to analyze fatty acid composition of these two species, of which P. olivieri is endemic in Iran and yet there is no report on their fatty acid composition.
    Methods
    Aerial parts of two plants were collected, hexane extracts were prepared through soxhlet extraction and concentrated by recovering the solvent, derivatization was performed and then gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was done for detecting fatty acids.
    Results
    Both plants contained saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In hexane extract of P. bruguieri 10 fatty acids were identified and 9-octadecenoic acid, 6-octadecynoic acid and hexadecanoic acid were found in high concentrations. P. olivieri also contained 8 fatty acids of which 9-octadecanoic acid, 12,15-otadecadiynoic acid and 7-hexadecenoic acid were detected in high concentrations.
    Conclusion
    Two investigated plants are common in 3 fatty acids and in both of them octadecenoic acid is found in the highest amount. Unsaturated fatty acids have higher amount than the saturated fatty acids in both plants. This study opens new frontiers and applications of P. bruguieri and P. olivieri due to various bioactive components, especially for pharmaceutical applications.
    Keywords: Phlomis bruguieri, Phlomis olivieri, Fatty acid, GC, MS, Derivatization
  • Samaneh Rahamoz, Haghighi, Malek Hossein Asadi Pages 157-161
    Introduction
    One of the most important fields to find the new drugs for combating cancers is herbal medicine and in this regard, attention to plant components against cancer has been increased nowadays. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of alcoholic extracts and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum on viability of gastric cancer cell line (AGS) and angiogenesis of HUVEC cells .
    Methods
    The alcoholic extracts and essential oil were obtained by soxhlet and Clevenger set, respectively. The viability of cells which treated with the extracts and the essential oil were assessed by MTT assay. In vitro tube formation assay was performed to assess the effect of the extracts and essential oil on angiogenesis potential of HUVEC cells.
    Results
    The growth of AGS cells was inhibited by extracts and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum. Furthermore, the extracts and essential oil had inhibitory effects on the angiogenesis in HUVEC cells. The ethanolic extract inhibited cell proliferation of the AGS cells in 30 μg/mL at 48 hours after treatment but it had no significant effect on fibroblast cells. The inhibitory effect of methanolic extract was much better than the ethanolic extract at the same concentrations. The essential oil of the plant had the highest inhibitory effect on cancer cells compared with the alcoholic extracts.
    Conclusion
    Therefore, our results showed that the alcoholic extracts and essential oil of Pimpinella anisum have antiprolifertion properties on gastric cancer cells and could be used as plant-based cures for gastric cancer.
    Keywords: Pimpinella anisum, Human gastric cancer, MTT, Angiogenesis
  • Amit Gupta, Sushama Chaphalkar Pages 162-165
    Introduction
    The treatment of viral infections with the available antiviral drugs is not free of side effects. Therefore, in the present study, our group focused on antiviral activity against Newcastle disease (NDV) and IBD viruses using medicinal plants especially leaves of Prosopis spicigera and Mangifera indica.
    Methods
    Different medicinal plant products especially leaves of P. spicigera and M. indica were tested in the form of aqueous leaves extracts (0.5- 30 mg/mL; 50 μL) for anti-microbial activities on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) pertaining to determine their proliferation rate (cytotoxicity assay), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production and CD14 monocyte surface marker.
    Results
    Three medicinal plant aqueous extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against PBMC at higher doses with respect to decline in proliferation assay, TNFα production and CD14 monocyte surface marker as compared to control.
    Conclusion
    Aqueous leaves extract of P. spicigera and M. indica showed antimicrobial activities and might be useful for the treatment of various viral diseases.
    Keywords: Mangifera indica, Prosopis spicigera, anti, microbial, PBMC