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Herbmed Pharmacology - Volume:7 Issue: 3, Jul 2018

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology
Volume:7 Issue: 3, Jul 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/04/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Enegide Chinedu*, Ifeoma Agatha Onah, Paul Okesinachi Amaje, Dabum Luka Jacob Pages 124-128
    Introduction
    The World Health Organization has predicted that the death caused by cancer may rise to a high rate of about 11.5 million in the year 2030. Cocos nucifera juice (Coconut water) is a known refreshing and nutritious beverage which is widely consumed traditionally for its nutritious and medicinal properties. Though assumptions traditionally suggest that it may also have an anticancer property, it is important to scientifically evaluate this property. The aim of this study is to ascertain if C. nucifera juice has an antproliferative effect.
    Methods
    The study was carried-out on rapid proliferating seeds (Sorghum bicolor) and the mean radicle lengths (mm) was taken after 48 and 72 hours.
    Results
    The control group had an unrestricted progressive proliferation throughout the study. Methotrexate elicited significant (P
    Conclusion
    The experimental results have unveiled that C. nucifera juice has a potential for eliciting antiproliferative effect.
    Keywords: Cocos nucifera, Coconut water, Antiproliferative potential
  • Oludele John Olanlokun*, Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo Pages 129-135
    Introduction
    Toxic effects arising from the use of medicinal herbs have been frequently overshadowed by the therapeutic efficacy of phytomedicines. This study was carried out to assess the safety of extract and fractions of Alstonia boonei (de wild) stem bark, popularly used in the treatment of malaria especially in Africa.
    Methods
    Rats were orally exposed to different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) of methanol extract (ME), n-hexane (HF), chloroform (CF), ethylacetate (EF) and aqueous fractions (AF) of A. boonei for 7 days. Furthermore, 10 mg/ kg body weight (bw) of chloroquine (CQN) was administered as standard drug for 7 days while, 5% tween 80 (TT) and distilled water (TW) were administered as control for 7 days. Group I (treatment group) was sacrificed after 7 days while group II (recovery group) was left for 21 days to recover and thereafter sacrificed. The effects of treatment and recovery were analyzed using serum biomarkers, hematological parameters and tissue histopathological evaluation.
    Results
    There was reduction in hematological parameters after 7 days but recovered after 21 days. There was also increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), after 7 days. Compared to TW and TT treated groups, histopathological scores of liver and kidney were critical for all groups at 400 mg/kg bw after 21 days.
    Conclusion
    The animals did not fully recover after 21 days, suggesting that 400 mg/kg bw of extract and fractions of A. boonei were both hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. Hence this plant should be used with cautious.
    Keywords: Hematological parameterss, marker enzymes, hepatot, Marker enzymes, Hepatotoxicity, Recovery, Nephrotoxicity
  • Zahra Zanganehnejad, Mahbubeh Setorki* Pages 136-140
    Introduction
    Parkinson’s disease (PD) is developed due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is widely associated with oxidative stress. The reduction of glutathione, as the most abundant and important tissue thiol and an antioxidant defense agent, is one of the first biochemical events associated with PD, and therefore using antioxidants has a protective effect. In the present study, the effects of Biarum carduchrum extract on the thiol levels in the tissues of the hippocampus, striatum, cortex, and cerebellum in PD were investigated.
    Methods
    Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 each. Control group was left without lesion. PD group received 8 μg of neurotoxin-6-hydroxydopamine in the anterior-middle-brain. Seven days after PD induction, groups 3-5 intragastrically received 100, 200, and 400 mg/mL of B. carduchrum extract, respectively, for 14 days. At completion of treatments, brain tissues were removed and their thiol levels measured.
    Results
    The levels of thiol in cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum were significantly lower in the rats with PD than the control group. In B. carduchrum extract-treated groups, the thiol levels of cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum tissues increased significantly compared to PD group.
    Conclusion
    It seems that B. carduchrum extract leads to the functional regeneration of the nigro-striatal pathway through the mechanisms associated with its antioxidant properties.
    Keywords: Biarum carduchrum, Medicinal plants, Parkinson's disease, Thiol
  • Fariba Kabiri, Ali Hassanpour*, Fatemeh Dreis Pages 141-147
    Introduction
    Knee osteoarthritis is the most common articular cartilage disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of massage therapy and aromatherapy (Lavender essential oil) on fatigue in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
    Methods
    In this clinical trial, 93 patients referred to the Imam Ali Clinic in Shahrekord, Iran, were included. The patients were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups of massage therapy, aromatherapy (Lavender essential oil), and control by blocked randomization. Data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). Fatigue scores in the three groups were determined before intervention and in the 5th and 10th sessions after intervention.
    Results
    No significant differences in demographic characteristics were observed between the groups. There was a significant reduction in fatigue score in the aromatherapy group when compared to the control group (P
    Conclusion
    Since knee osteoarthritis has no definite treatment, aromatherapy can lead to improving fatigue in patients with the disease.
    Keywords: Aromatherapy, Knee osteoarthritis, Massage, Fatigue, Lavender
  • Dipa Islam*, Amdadul Huque, - Sheuly, Liton Chandra Mohanta, Sadhan Kumar Das, Abida Sultana, Evena Parvin Lipy, U. K. Prodhan Pages 148-154
    Introduction
    The study was conducted to assess the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Nelumbo nucifera flowers powder in Long-Evans rats.
    Methods
    Experimental rats were made hyperlipidemic and diabetic (type 2) by feeding high fat diet (Lab diet, Dalda and Coconut oil = 4: 3: 1) and injecting alloxan respectively. N. nucifera flowers powder in different percentages was mixed with the regular Lab Diet for 21 days feeding. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and blood glucose levels were evaluated in various groups.
    Results
    Feeding with N. nucifera flowers powder at different percentages to hyperlipidemic groups showed diverse but a significant (P
    Conclusion
    Results of the experiments affirm that the flower of N. nucifera has potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and might be useful in these patients.
    Keywords: Alloxan monohydrate, Diabetes, Hypoglycemia, Hypolipidemia, Medicinal plant
  • Nafise Hajian*, Zahra Rezayatmand, Kahin Shahanipur Pages 155-159
    Introduction
    In this study the kidney protective effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Allium hirtifolium Boiss (shallot) were evaluated on kidney toxicity induced by lead (Pb) in Wistar rats.
    Methods
    Eighty adult female Wistar rats of 3–5 months of age and weighing 200–250 g were allocated randomly into 10 groups and treated for 15 and 30 days as follows: control group, Pb (10 mg/L), methanolic extract of shallot (12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg), Pb plus methanolic extract of shallot (12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg), aqueous extract of shallot (12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg), Pb plus aqueous extract of shallot (12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg). Serum concentrations of glucose as well as renal parameters were measured at 15 days and 30 days in the studied groups.
    Results
    Analysis showed a significant reduction in the mean of urea in the methanolic extract group with a concentration of 12.5 mg/kg, compared to the lead group. Consumption of 25 mg/kg methanolic extract of shallot showed a significantly reduction of uric acid, creatinine and total protein in comparison with control group and lead group. Consumption of 25 mg/kg methanolic extract of shallot闦 was able to reduce the mean of urea uric acid, creatinine and total protein in comparison with lead group. Also, the results showed that methanolic extract of shallot闦 at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg could reduce the mean of urea uric acid, creatinine and total protein in comparison with lead group. There was no significant difference in the rest groups.
    Conclusion
    The results of the study showed that shallot extract can dose dependently reduce the factors related to lead induced renal damages.
    Keywords: Hepatic enzymes, Renal, Lead acetate, Shallot
  • Kafui Kpegba, Etonam Tete Kondo, Oudjaniyobi Simalou*, Komlatse Togbenou, Pakoupati Boyode, Outende Toundou, Nagba Yendoube Gbandjaba, Amegnona Agbonon, Messanvi Gbeassor Pages 160-167
    Introduction
    Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) T.Durand & Schinz is a tree that can grow up to 25 m with white latex in its organs. The bark of this plant is commonly used in traditional medicine to treat dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, malaria, and high blood pressure. In this study, phytochemical groups were widely investigated on trunk bark as well as on leaves of H. floribunda harvested in Danyi (Togo). Antioxidant activity and antihypertensive properties of the plant extracts were also evaluated on sound guinea pigs.
    Methods
    The hydro-ethanolic extract of the trunk bark was prepared and antioxidant activity was evaluated via the DPPH radical-scavenging and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and via the determination of the total phenolics content. This hydro-ethanolic extract was used to assess the plant extract effect on blood pressure of sound guinea pigs.
    Results
    So, phytochemical screening revealed that H. floribunda contained most of the phytochemical groups. The 50% inhibitive concentration of that extract by DPPH was 29.80 ± 0.001 μg/mL. The equivalent of Fe2 by FRAP was 1009.9 ± 0.6 μmol/g of dry extract. The content of phenolic compounds was 139 ± 0.053 mg GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/g of dry extract. Intravenous injection of the extract (10, 20, 40, 80 mg/kg) via the invasive method in guinea pigs under normal strain caused a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and so in mean arterial pressure (MAP) by dose cumulative and time-dependent.
    Conclusion
    The results show that hydro-ethanolic extract of H. floribunda trunk bark has antihypertensive and antioxidant properties. This might be the reason for the use of that extract for the treatment of hypertension in traditional medicine.
    Keywords: Holarrhena floribunda, Phytochemical screening, Antioxidant activity, Antihypertensive activity
  • Nayereh Asadi, Nourossadat Kariman* Pages 168-175
    Introduction
    Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential for lifelong health and wellbeing. However, painful nipple trauma is problematic for mothers and may lower the prevalence of breastfeeding. This systematic review was conducted to assess herbal prevention and treatment of nipple trauma and/or pain in Iranian studies.
    Methods
    All the Iranian indexed publications in English and in Persian were searched with the key words of "nipple trauma" and "nipple pain" from inception to 26 December 2017 on indexing sites of PubMed, Proquest, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline, SID, IranMedex, Magiran, and Google Scholar. The results were reported qualitatively. Eleven randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with total sample size of 1218 were included in this systematic review. Different herbal remedies were used in included articles. The articles were investigated through Jadad scale. Studies that scored 3 or more on Jadad scale were selected. The results were reported qualitatively. Only RCTs were considered.
    Results
    Pistacia atlantica (Saqez), Ziziphus jujuba, curcumin, menthol, Aloe vera, Calendit – E (Calendula officinalis and Echinacea angustifolia) were the most effective treatments of nipple trauma and/or pain. In one study, peppermint water was more effective than breast milk in preventing nipple cracks and in another study nipple crack was less in women using peppermint compared with those who used lanolin ointment or placebo.
    Conclusion
    As each study used a special medicinal plant in this review, judgement about the definitive efficacy of these remedies needs further precise studies.
    Keywords: Herbal remedies, Medicinal plants, Nipples, Fissure, Pain, Iran
  • Mokhtar Nosrati, Mandana Behbahani* , Hassan Mohabatkar, Zahra Shakeran Pages 176-184
    Introduction
    Streptococcus mutans is a principal pathogenic agent in biofilm formation on the teeth surfaces and subsequently development of dental caries and plaque. Therefore, currently introducing novel anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm agents, especially plant based materials are highly regarded. This study was planned to investigate in silico and in vitro antibacterial activities of Prangos acaulis extracts against S. mutans in single and biofilm forms and their mutagenicity in Ames test.
    Methods
    The anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm effects of methanol extracts from various parts of P. acaulis were evaluated using disk diffusion and microtiter assay. Moreover, the potential mutagenicity of the extracts was investigated using Ames test. In addition, dominant constitutes of P. acaulis that reported in previous studies were subjected to an in silico analysis. The ability of selected phytochemicals to inhibit the glucosyltransferase was evaluated using molecular docking method.
    Results
    All tested extracts especially root extract had significant antibacterial activity against the single form of S. mutans and inhibited biofilm formation without any mutagenic activity. The results also confirmed that three compounds consisting of ar-curcumene, d-limonene and alpha-pinene had strong and appropriate interactions to glucosyltransferase.
    Conclusion
    This study indicated that P. acaulis has potent antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity against S. mutans and can be good candidate for in vitro and in vivo studies with the aim of introducing novel inhibitors of dental caries development.
    Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Dental caries, In Silico analysis, Prangos acaulis, Streptococcus mutans
  • Kossivi Issa Saloufou*, Pakoupati Boyode, Oudjaniyobi Simalou, Kodjo Eloh, Kokou Idoh, Mamatchi Melila, OutÉndÉ Toundou, Kafui Kpegba, Amegnona Agbonon Pages 185-192
    Introduction
    Ficus sur is a plant widely used in traditional pharmacopoeia in Togo. So, this study aimed the assessment of antioxidant properties and identification of some compounds from the ethanolic extracts of different parts of the plant (leaves, fruits, roots, and barks).
    Methods
    The phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethanolic extracts of different organs of Ficus sur were assessed using conventional known methods. The DPPH radical scavenging and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to highlight the antioxidant activities. The different extract samples were also analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time of flight mass detector (ESI-QTOF).
    Results
    Total phenolic contents (TPCs) for 1 mg of dry extract ranged from 489.40 ± 7.48 μg GAE (gallic acid equivalents) for the bark to 62.34 ± 2.66 μg GAE for unripe fruits. The bark exhibited the highest flavonoid content, which was closed to 90.20 ± 3.72 μg QE (quercetin equivalents)/mg of dry extract. The radical scavenging activities of the bark and unripe fruits were 56.50 ± 0.29 and 7.3 ± 0.30 μg QE/mg of dry extract, respectively. In the same order, the FRAP values of the two organs were 104.57 ± 4.75 and 19.61 ± 0.22 μmol FeSO4 Eq/mg of dry extract. Many compounds including notoginsenoside R10; 4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavan-3-ol; catechin; and boviquinone 4 were identified.
    Conclusion
    The various organs of Ficus sur are a source of bioactive compounds especially phenolic compounds and flavonoids with antioxidant activity.
    Keywords: Ficus sur, Antioxidant, Phenolic compounds, Flavonoids, HPLC-QTOF-HRMS
  • Siamak Beheshti*, Bahareh Shahmoradi Pages 193-199
    Introduction
    Medicinal herbs have several components with different pharmacological effects. It has been described that Melissa officinalis is able to improve memory in different models of learning. Nevertheless, its influence has not been studied in animal models of AD. Here, we studied the potential therapeutic effect of M. officinalis in intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) amyloid-β (Aβ) model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
    Methods
    Male Wistar rats weighing 260-330 g received the hydro-alcoholic extract of M. officinalis (50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg; P.O), chronically for 30 consecutive days. The control group received solvent of the drug. Memory retrieval was assessed, using the passive avoidance task. Three groups of the rats received Aβ (1-42; 10 μg/rat bilaterally; i.c.v). One group received DMSO 1% (2 μL/rat; i.c.v). Twenty days later memory retrieval was assessed. The Aβ-treated rats, received M. officinalis (50, 100 mg/kg; P.O) or saline (1 mL/kg; P.O), chronically for 30 consecutive days. The DMSO 1%-treated rats received saline (1 mL/kg; P.O).
    Results
    The hydro-alcoholic extract of M. officinalis (50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg; P.O) did not have a significant effect on step-through latency (STL). Aβ impaired memory retrieval by decreasing STL and increasing the time spent in the dark compartment (TDC). M. officinalis (50, 100 mg/kg; P.O) improved memory retrieval in AD rats by increasing STL and decreasing TDC, significantly.
    Conclusion
    The outcomes of the study show that M. officinalis has a therapeutic effect in the Aβ model of AD. It seems that the extracts of M. officinalis can be suggested as a powerful therapeutic herb for AD patients.
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Memory, Melissa officinalis, Amyloid-β, Passive avoidance task
  • Naina Mohamed Pakkir Maideen*, Rajkapoor Balasubramaniam Pages 200-210
    Introduction
    Sulfonylurea antidiabetics are insulin secretogogues useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients. The probability of adverse drug interactions is high in patients taking sulfonylureas and other drugs including herbal medicines. The present review is aimed to present the herbal drugs having interacting potentials with sulfonylurea antidiabetics.
    Methods
    The databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ) and reference lists were searched using the keywords drug interactions, Sulfonylureas, pharmacodynamic interactions, antidiabetic herbs, pharmacokinetic interactions and CYP2C9.
    Results
    Sulfonylureas are primarily metabolized by CYP2C9 enzyme and the herbs like St. John’s wort and Ginkgo biloba induce CYP2C9-mediated metabolism of sulfonylureas while fruit juices like Pomegranate juice and Pineapple juice inhibit their metabolism. In addition, the antidiabetic herbal supplements such as Bitter melon, Fenugreek, Cinnamon, Gymnema, Ginseng, Ginger, Garlic, Aloe vera, Sesame, Andrographis paniculata and Neem potentiate the hypoglycemic activity of sulfonylureas, pharmacodynamically.
    Conclusion
    Some herbal supplements are capable of interacting pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically with sulfonylurea antidiabetics
    Keywords: Sulfonylureas, Antidiabetic herbs, Drug Interactions, Pharmacokinetic interactions, Pharmacodynamic Interactions