مجله علمی پژوهان
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پاییز 1393)

Burnout syndrome includes aspects of emotional exhaustion، depersonalization and decrement of personal accomplishment. Medical and health care staffs are vulnerable to burnout syndrome because of their exposure to physical and psychological stressors. The present study assessed the rate of features of burnout syndrome and its relations to demographic characteristics in staffs of health care centers of Hamadan city. This cross-sectional study was conducted as a census on 278 staffs at health centers in Hamadan. Data was collected using the demographic questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The obtained data were analyzed via SPSS software. Average score for emotional exhaustion، depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 21. 44، 4. 71 and 32. 17، respectively. There was a significant relationship between emotional exhaustion، depersonalization and personal accomplishment (P<0/001). There were no significant relationship between burnout and demographic characteristics including age، sex، marital status، education level، work experience، housing status، employment status and income (P>0/05). In view of high frequency of burnout (55. 7) among health staffs and the impact of burnout on job، family، individual performance، absence from work and early retirement and job satisfaction increase through improving working conditions in the health care environment should be paid more attention.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorders in pregnancy. Identifying risk factors for GDM helps to better understand the disorder and develop appropriate screening Strategies. This study aims to identify risk factors for GDM among pregnant women in rural areas of Hamadan province. This was a case-control study. GDMs were extracted in rural areas of Hamadan province during the year 2011. After removing those who migration out of the province، died cases and those with a history of diabetes deaths، 112 pregnant women with GDM were identified. The control group was selected and necessary matches between the two groups were performed. After referring to their pregnancy files، The checklist were completed. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software، version 11، an and error level less than 5% was considered. Most cases were in the age group 30-40 (57. 1%)، Their mean age was 33. 3±0. 5 years. 37. 5% of cases had experienced third pregnancy. Body Mass Index (P=0. 03)، history of hypertension before pregnancy (P=0. 03) and a history of high-risk pregnancies (P=0. 003) had a significant relationship with GDM. According to the results of the present study، high BMI، history of high-risk pregnancy، history of hypertension before pregnancy had a significant relationship with GDM. Because of the differences in some of the relevant factors for GDM in different locations، prospective studies with larger sample size and standard criteria for the diagnosis of GDM is necessary.

This cross sectional study was conducted to assess methodological errors in proposals of 95 approved research projects introduced to different unites of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2007. We used a questionnaire able to determine the kind of studies، correct designing of aims، hypothesis، methods and considering ethical codes. SPSS version 16 was used to descriptive statistics analysis of the data. %62. 1 of the projects were epidemiological studies، %12. 6 basic sciences، %9. 5 clinical trials، %4. 2 health research systems، %1. 1 productive and %10. 5 others. Statistical tests، statistical analysis and ethical codes in %63. 2، %60 and %30. 5 of the projects، respectively were not considered. The methods of the research were not written completely in %27. 4 of the projects. The designing of the minor aims in %24. 2 of the projects were also incorrect. Considering the most important part of a research is research design، thus، it is essential that a committee comprised of experts in statistics and research methods firstly verify the presented proposals to the Research Council of the university to reduce as much as possible the mentioned defects destroying research results. Moreover، Vice-Chancellor in research affairs of the university should be active more in holding workshops and setting up educational brochures than it used to be.

Ethics is one of the most fundamental professional training issues in nursing and midwifery. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness rate of professional ethics of nurses and midwives. In this descriptive-analytic study، of 289 samples from Hamadan teaching hospitals in 2013were selected using a stratified random sampling. Data gathering، which was a two-part questionnaire، was developed by researchers. The first section contained demographic information and the second section contained with three sections to assess knowledge of ethic. Data Processing and statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 16. In order to analyze the data، descriptive and inferential statistics containing the chi-square and correlation tests was used. Further، the significance level of the test was considered 0. 05. The results showed that 33. 2% of the research units aged between 26 and 30 years old. 87. 9% of them were females and 36. 7% had work experience from 1to 5 years. Most of the samples in moral – professional area were good (26. 6%) and medium (68. 9%). Also، they were good (31. 1%) and medium (63. 0%) in communication area. In law area، they were good (1. 7%) and medium (49. 5%). From the studied variables، there was meaningful relationship between area of moral with employment status and location of service person (P=0. 001)، the legal field with work experience (P=0. 003) and the communication field with location of service person (P=0. 003). The most rate of awareness of the units in moral and communication and law fields were، respectively، good and week. Therefore، continuing education classes are recommended to be held.

In addition to high costs for society، treatment of end stage renal disease (ESRD) by permanent hemodialysis creates many physical and psychological problems for patients. The etiology of ESRD in every community differs according to genetic، nutrition، and public health status. The aim of this study was to investigate the most important causes of ESRD in hemodialysis patients of Tuyserkan City. This cross-sectional study was carried out on registered data of 165 patients undergoing hemodialysis in Tuyserkan City from 1996 to 2012. Required information including age، gender، age of first hemodialysis session، causes of ESRD and dialysis-related variables were collected by a checklist from the patient’s files. Then، the data were analyzed by using Stata 11: descriptive statistics including tables، means and standard deviation. From total of 165 patients، 56. 3% were male، 53. 3% of them aged over 60 years and only 10. 3% of the patients aged less than 30 years The most prevalent causes of ESRD in the patients were idiopathic causes (32. 7%)، high blood pressure (28. 5%)، diabetes mellitus (23%)، urologic complications (8. 5%)، glomerulonephritis (8. 4%) and polycystic kidney (4. 2%). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are most common causes of ESRD in Tuyserkan. Better management of patients suffering from hypertension and diabetes could prevent patients from being affected by ESRD.

Increasing environmental pollution by the discharge of wastewaters containing copper has caused much concern because of the serious health effects، particularly the brain and liver and its bioaccumulation. The objectives of this study was to investigate the performance of a low-cost and natural adsorbent namely Falcaria vulgaris to remove Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution. In this study، the leaf of Falcaria vulgaris was collected from farms in Lorestan Province and used for preparing the absorbent. Effect of various parameters such as solution pH (2-12)، contact time (5-80 min)، Cu concentration (50-150 mg/L) and adsorbent dose (0. 3-2 g/l) were studied. The experimental data were fitted to Freundlich، Langmuir، Temkin، Dubinin–Radushkevich Isotherm. Absorbent characteristics such as BET surface، pore volume، particle size and pHzpc were determined. The results showed that Cu adsorption was affected by factors such as initial copper concentration، adsorbent dose and solution pH. Maximum adsorption was obtained at the solution pH of the adsorption efficiency decreased with increasing the initial Cu concentration. Among four isotherm models studied، Langmuir model (with maximum adsorption capacity of 8. 83 mg/g) well-described the copper adsorption onto the adsorbent. The BET surface area of the adsorbent obtained from the leaves Falcaria Vulgaris was achieved to 2. 6 m2/g. Overall، the results of this study showed that the prepared adsorbent has a good ability to remove copper ion from aqueous solutions. Regarding the low cost، ready to preparation and high efficiency of the prepared adsorbent from Falcaria vulgaris، it can be used as an appropriate alternative instead of relatively expensive adsorbents such as activated carbon to remove metallic pollutants.

One of the mental health indexes is life satisfaction influencing the quality of people. Exceptional children have different characteristics and abilities in comparison with normal children. Exceptional children are those that require special training to develop their ability. The aim of this research was to compare life satisfaction in blind and deaf children with normal students in Hamadan city. In this cross-sectional study، 12 blind and 39 deaf students were selected by Census sampling and 174 normal students were selected by Cluster random sampling in Hamadan in 2012. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Students'' Life Satisfaction (MSLSS) analyzed by T-student and ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P<0. 05) among the levels of life satisfaction in three groups of blind، deaf and normal students، as life satisfaction in the normal students was more than that of the blind and deaf students. Also، was a significant difference (P<0. 05) between the levels of life satisfaction in two groups: blind and deaf students there، as level of life satisfaction in deaf students was higher in blind students. Final Results showed that the blind and deaf students had lower life satisfaction. Moreover، level of life satisfaction in blind students was lower than that of the deaf and normal students that health promotion interventions need to more consideration and specific plans.