مجله علمی پژوهان
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (زمستان 1393)

Nowadays، cancer is one of the most important health concerns in modern societies. The application of nanoparticles has resulted in new possibilities for the diagnosis، tumor imaging and treatment of human cancers. Gathering and collecting of data have been done from 56 researches conducted on the structure of types of nanoparticles and their applications in diagnostics، imaging and drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. The inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots، which have a central core of magnetic properties، can be used for the detection and imaging of tumors، as well as the organic nanoparticle systems such as liposomes، solid lipid nanoparticles، aptamers، dendrimers and nanobody in different drug-ligands. Aptamers are the oligonucleotids or peptides that bind to the protein or certain targets. Various applications of aptamers include diagnostics، therapeutics، molecular imaging and drug delivery. Moreover، nanobodies are of antibody like molecules which are widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Although there are some challenges and limitations on the use of nanoparticles in medicine، it is hoped that in the near future، nanoparticles create tremendous revolutionary not only in the oncology but also in medicine. The current paper is an overview of the application of organic and inorganic nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of the neoplasm.

Despite progress in health and medical sciences، human lice are still considered as a health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with its pediculosis in Central Prison of Hamadan in 2013. In this descriptive and analytical cross sectional study، from 2900 male prisoners، 384 were selected by the systematic method. After reviewing in terms of pediculosis infection، the extracted data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 20. The study showed that 5. 2% of the prisoner was infected with louse. Most infections were observed in the age group of 30-39 years old، and the lowest in the group of 20 years old and less (P>0. 05). The highest rate of pediculosis was seen in the people had drug addiction، and buying and selling، no specific bed، common use of bed and blankets، bath once and less per week (P<0. 05). Comparison of Age، a period of imprisonment، level of education and number of prisoners in room، between healthy and infected people showed no significant difference (P>0. 05). Most cases of infected with lice were in the head (85%)، body (10%) and pubic (5%). Considering the results of this study، it can be said that the conditions of the prison، including density، the type of crime and lack of hygiene and the use of personal devices are highly associated with the prevalence of pediculosis.

Quality care and client satisfaction are of major priority in health services. Compliance of patient rights causes their satisfaction; therefore، it is one of health care preferences and unavoidable necessities. Considering this issue and importance of quality control of cares، this study was accomplished in order to determine quality of performance of patient’s rights by surgical and anesthesia staff at Hamadan’s educational hospitals in 2012.

This descriptive analytic research was conducted on all surgical and anesthesia staff as well as operating room of the educational hospitals (205 people). Required information was gathered through four checklists of the performance of patient’s rights in different sections including reception، surgery room (surgical and anesthesia staff) and recovery. Each one of the staff was observed five times. In order to analyze the data، SPSS software version 16 and chi-square test were used.

Mean score of patient’s rights compliance in reception، surgical and anesthesia staff، and recovery sections were، respectively، 70، 56. 3، 57 and 55 of total score of the pertinent checklists. Patient’s rights compliance in all parts were in moderate level (50. 2)، and had significant relation with sex (P=0. 03) and part (P=0. 01).

The performance of patient’s rights in operating room of Hamadan educational hospitals was average in 2012. Based on the results، appropriate measures should be performed in aspects of introduction of HCWs، selection of anesthetic technique، giving necessary information، respect to patient privacy and obtaining specific surgical consent.

Expectancy acts as a basis for dealing with problems in human. Early schemas are beliefs that people have about themselves and others and environment and generally stem from not satisfying basic essentials، particularly emotional needs، in childhood. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between life expectancy and early maladaptive schemas in the mothers of children with intellectual disability and also the relation between life expectancy and each determined schema was investigated. This descriptive، analytical، cross-sectional study was performed on 50 mothers، who were selected through available sampling referring to rehabilitation centers of Kermanshah City in 2014، with intellectual disabled children in. The questionnaires of life expectancy and early maladaptive schemas were used for data gathering. The information obtained was analyzed by regression analysis through SPSS version 22. The results of regression analysis showed significant relationship between social isolation scheme (P= 0. 002)، impaired limits schema (P= 0. 007) and other-directedness schema (P= 0. 003) with life expectancy in mothers of children with intellectual disability. There was not significant relationship between other schemas and life expectancy. There is a significant relationship between other-directedness schema and impaired limits and social isolation schemas in the mothers of children with intellectual disability and life expectancy. Indeed، the more sensible are these schemas، the more life expectancy is projected for the mothers. Thus، these schemas can be used to enhance the life expectancy of the mothers of children with intellectual disability.

one domain of morphology is inflection that adds syntactic considerations to the words. This domain is affected in individual with language disorders. So evaluation of inflection in these people is important. In this study، methods of verb tense inflection evaluation were compared and the best method was determined. This study was descriptive-analytical. The participants included 27 girls and 28 boys who were in age group 3 and 4 years old. They were selected by multistage sampling method of Rasht kindergartens. 8 tasks were used for evaluating of verb tense inflection، include: Two optional task، Question task، Sentence completion 1، Sentence completion 2، Immediate repetition، Modelling 1، Modeling 2، Story completion. The tenses that were evaluated included: past simple، present perfect، past continuous، past perfect، simple present، present subjunctive. The results of study were analyzed using central tendency include the mean، measures of variability include the standard deviation (or variance)، the minimum and maximum values of the variables and repeated measures with the use of SPSS 16. The mean scores of immediate repetition was more than others but because of inefficiency was abandoned. Thus story completion was chosen as the best method. Also the results of repeated measures showed that the scores of other methods had significant difference with story completion. Modeling 1 and modeling 2 had the least scores. The story completion is the best method among other methods of this study.