مجله علمی پژوهان
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (بهار 1395)

Students’ Research Center possesses a major role in improving the efficiency and development of education and research. The evaluation process can be used to assess the quality assurance and improvement of thsese centers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate students’ research center workshops in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences by student’s perspective.
This survey was a cross-sectional study, performed on 284 students participating in workshops of student’s research center in 2015. The data was collected through self-report questionnaire as conducted by students, which consisted of individuals’ demographic characteristics and the main items. Data analysis was accomplished using the software SPSS version 21 and including the ANOVA, and independent T-test to determine the relationship between variables used.
The results of this study showed that the number of students reporting weak conditions for workshops were too small, while the majority of students evaluated good condition for the workshops in items including management of performers, lecturer skills and students. There were no statistically significant differences between the items, previous experience of participation and residency status of students (P>0.05). But, between the scores of three items of workshops and major of study, academic semesters and faculty of students significant changes were found (P>0.05).
Considering the importance and role of students’ evaluations of workshops, it is suggested to perform comprehensive studies in all of the Medical Sciences universities to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative improvement of workshops.

Antibiotic resistance survey in Gram-negative bacteria has an important role in the management of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients and determination of contamination rate of different wards of hospital to these bacteria.
Information of 3242 patients from hospital information system of Toohid and Besat hospitals of Sanandaj city in 2013-2014 years was studied. Identification of bacteria using microbiology laboratory methods and antimicrobial susceptibility test according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards using disk diffusion method were performed. For data analysis, SPSS-16 software and chi square (X2) and independent t-test was used.
The number of 2289 (70.60%) of Gram negative bacteria were isolated in this research that 51.46% of Escherichia coli isolates, 43.47% Klebsiella, 44.28% Enterobacter, 58.99% Pseudomonas and 33.33% Morganella showed most resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In 76.06% of Acinetobacter isolates, 53.26% Serratia, 73.33% Shigella and 76.92% Citrobacter, most resistance was to cefotaxime, tetracycline, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, and ceftriaxone, respectively. Most gram negative bacteria were isolated from women’s ward (625 isolates). A statistically significant association between age of the patient and of antibiotic resistance was observed (P High antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria was observed. Performance of antibiotic susceptibility tests before drug prescription in the treatment and control of drug resistance is important.

Quality of life is affected by several psychological factors of which personality traits and family communication patterns can be noted as the most important ones. This research aimed to investigate the role of personality traits and family communication patterns in prediction of quality of life among nurses.
This is a descriptive-analytical study of cross-sectional type. The statistical population included 180 nurses of Shahid Mofatteh and 15 Khordad hospitals of Varamin city in 2015, as selected by stratified randomly sampling method. The data was collected through questionnaires comprising personality traits of Costa & McCrae, family communication patterns of Koerner & Fitzpatrick and quality of life of World Health Organization. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with using SPSS-19 software.
The results showed that neuroticism and conformity communication pattern had a significantly negative relationship with quality of life of nurses; and extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and conversation communication pattern had a significantly positive relationship with life quality of nurses (P Extroversion, neuroticism and conversation communication pattern reveal a significant ability of predicting quality of life among nurses. Therefore, these variables can have an effective role in improving the quality of life of nurses. It is suggested that therapists should consider these variables and design appropriate programs, based on them, to improve the quality of life of nurses.

Development of enormous industries has resulted in the entrance of dangerous and toxic compounds such as heavy metals into the environment polluting water bodies. Lead, which exists in most of industrial effluents, has a high contamination potential. In the present work, performance of nanofilteration (NF) membrane (NF 90) has been studied to separate lead from synthetic wastewater.
The present research was conducted experimentally in a batch reactor. All of the parameters including Pb concentration (10-90 mg/L), pressure (6-18 bar) and ionic power (50-150 mg/L of NaCl) were optimized by the one at a time in 15 times and within a fixed temperature (25± 2 °C) and pH (5.4± 0.1). Also, the removal efficiency of Pb and permeate flux were detected.
The findings showed that the removal efficiency went up dramatically when pressure was raised from 6 to 9 bar. But 1% increase was observed in efficiency with increasing pressure from 9 to 18 bar. Besides, the efficiency decreased by 5.5% with increasing initial lead concentration. It was also found that the efficiency increased in the presence of NaCl. The highest removal efficiency (over 99%) was achieved at initial lead concentration of 10 mg/L, pressure of 18 bar and NaCl concentration of 150 mg/L.
Since this technique can remove Pb, it can be applied in industrial applications. Of course, in the case of real wastewaters, operating parameters are required to be optimized.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the main problems in workplaces, which cause loss of working time, absenteeism, reduced workers’ efficiency and increased service and production costs. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their associated risk among office workers.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study one hundred and thirty three office workers of a huge construction company were involved. For collecting data related to musculoskeletal symptoms and to investigate the associated risk of these disorders the Nordic standard questionnaire and RULA method were used, respectively. Data were analyzed with chi-square test and multiple regressions by using SPSS software version 16.
About 50% of the workers reported MSDs’ symptoms, during the past 12 months, at least in one region of musculoskeletal system. The highest prevalence belonged to lower back (42.1%), neck (33.1%), wrist (18%), and shoulders (11.3%), respectively. The prevalence of symptoms in the neck and lower back of workers, with more than 10 working hours per day, was statistically significant (P>0.001). Additionally, a statistically higher prevalence of symptoms in the neck, wrist, and lower back of workers with job tenure higher than 5 years was noted (P>0.05). The risk assessment revealed that all workers’ postures were fall into action levels of 2 and 3.
The findings revealed that MSDs symptoms have a high prevalence in office workers and the risk of these disorders is intermediate to high. Moreover, the main effective factors in the prevalence of MSDs symptoms were job tenure higher than 5 years and working hours more than 10 per day.

Accidents are one of public health challenges and the most important causes of children mortality in the world and Iran. Considering the vulnerability of children, cognition of accident patterns can provide appropriate strategies to prevent accidents. The present study aimed to epidemiologically investigate accidents in children under six years of age.
This descriptive-analytical study was of cross-sectional studies. The information of 300 children under six years of age was collected by the Quota sampling from mothers reoffering to the health centers of Azadshahr in fall 2011 with a check list through interviews. The data were analyzed with the Chi-square test (SPSS version 21) after encoding.
The mean age of the studied children and mothers were 5.30 and 26 years, respectively. The results showed that 78.4% of the children have had an accident. Physical injury (50.7%), burn (15.3%), fall (12%), poisoning (11%), traffic accident (10.3%) and drowning (0.7%) were the reasons for children accidents. The children of employed fathers and parents, who had higher education, had fewer accident and this difference was statistically significant (P The rate of accidents in Azadshahr is a higher figure in comparison with that of relevant studies. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive measures like parent training can be applied to reduce accident rates in children.

Annually, hydatid cyst causes great economic losses to communities and farmers. Hydatidosis in livestock results in a significant decrease in livestock production and seizure of infected organs of the animals at slaughterhouses. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the pollution rate of hydatid cyst in slaughtered livestock in Asadabad Slaughterhouse during the period of 2014-2015
In this cross-sectional analytic-descriptive study, by using the simple random sampling a total of 4000 cattle: 4000 sheep and 4000 goat from November 2014 to October 2015 were selected to be studied via the macroscopic method clinical examination cutting the organ under study and checklist completion. The data were analyzed by SPSS-21 using the Chi-square test.
The prevalence of hydatid cysts in livestock was 10.7%. Sheep were the most infected (16.38%) and goats were the least infected (1.9%).The females were more infected than the males (P Considering the relatively high prevalence of hydatid cyst in slaughtered livestock of Asadabad, causing great losses for farmers and the presence of canines in polluted areas and the life cycle of the parasite, the risk of disease transmission to human is high in these areas. Therefore, the importance of health issues of slaughtered livestock should be taken very seriously.

One of the criteria showing the importance of a research area is the scientific products in that research area. The aim of the current study was to investigate the situation of scientific products on the topic of Patients’ rights indexed in ISI-Web of Science between the years 2000 until 2014.
The method used was descriptive-cross sectional with a Scientometrics approach. Thus, 347 documents of scientific products indexed in ISI-Web of Science with the topic of patients’ rights were studied using the search engine of this webpage between the years 2000 and March 2014. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics.
The findings showed that the studied 347 documents had been published in six different formats, which 246 documents were of research articles, 73 documents were review articles and the rest were of other formats. Moreover, the countries the USA, England, and Germany had the most number of documents, respectively. Further, the American Journal of Comparative LAW, among journals, and Jansen, N, among researchers, had the most documents in this field. The scientific products experienced an upward trend after 2008.
One of the gaps in knowledge mapping in Iran, is low research activities in the field of patient rights; therefore, that results of this study can contribute to Iranian researchers to get more information about development of this subject area and even recognize top researchers working on the patient rights in order to establish more scientific communication with authors of this area.