مجله علمی پژوهان
سال شانزدهم شماره 4 (تابستان 1397)

Urinary tract infections occur through the colonization of microbes in the urinary tract. One of the major challenges in the antibacterial treatment of these infections is an increase in antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial agents causing urinary infections and its antibiotic resistance patterns in patients referred to Shohada hospital in Khorramabad. In this cross-sectional study, 740 bacterial isolates were isolated and detected from urinary culture in Shohada Hospital of Khorramabad during one year (2016-2017). Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was measured by disc diffusion method. Results were analyzed using STATA-12 software. The highest isolate was Escherichia coli (61.43%) and the least frequent was related to Citrobacer (0.27%). Isolated Escherichia coli had most resistance to nalidixic acid (54.18%). Isolates that picked up in different parts of the hospital showed the highest resistance to cotrimoxazole. Antibiotic resistance is high in isolates that picked up from urine culture of patients. Since, distribution of antibiotic resistance is variable in different regions and periods of time, periodic monitoring of antibiotic resistance is recommended to control the infection.

Nowadays Access to safe and adequate drinking water has been an important national goal in different countries. The effect of ground water contaminationis one of the most important concerns of public-health worldwide. The purpose of this research was to determine the microbial and chemical quality of Surface Resources drinking water in Sardasht, Rabat, and Mirabad. This descriptive research was conducted in 2015. One hundred ninety two samples were taken for testing chemicals and physicals of drinking water. The analyzes were carried out using machine methods and titration, and the benchmark for comparing the results was based on Iran's national standard and World Health Organization standards, and finally, the quality of resources was compared with the Comparison of Schuler diagrams. The descriptive results show the standardization of most of the parameters, with the exception of the turbidity of its kanirash spring, which is higher than Iran's standard of global health and standardization. The total hardship, resources were also higher than the global health standard, as well as the results of fluoride levels that are lower than global standards and Iran. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between the values obtained for the turbidity of the mineral springs (P=0.021) and calcium fountains (P=0.036) with common standards. The residual fluoride level in all water samples was less than the recommended limits of the standard of Iran (1053). Therefore, the adjusting of fluoride concentration with standards in the water supply is required by fluoridation in water treatment plant or dietary needs.

Synthetic dyes are an important group of additivesused in food products, and because of health concerns about consuming population, the application of these compounds is needed to be enough controlled. The aim of this study was to investigate the types and frequencies of the dyes used in making pastries in the confectionery of Tuyserkan city. In this cross-sectional study investigated the types of consumed dyes in confectionery’s pastries of Tuyserkan city. A total of 80 samples including wet and dry pastries are randomly sampled from 17 confectioneries. The steps of the experiment consisted of degreasing the sample, purification, and determining the type of dye were down by using Tin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. All charts used in the study were drowned by Excel Software (2013). The results indicate, among the total 80 samples, 17 samples contained no dye, 15 samples with natural dye, 44 samples with permitted synthetic dyes, and 4 samples have non-permitted synthetic dyes. Moreover, of all the synthetic dyes, 8 samples contained Quioline yellow dye, 10 samples with Sanset yellow dye, 8 samples with Azorubine dye, 5 samples with Brilliant blue dye, 5 samples with ponceau 4R, and 4 (5%) samples have Allura Red. This study showed a remarkable part of used dyes in the confectionery of Tuyserkan city is non-permitted. Therefore, it is proposed to reduce the amount of synthetic dyes by restriction in distribution, more controlling by health departments, and increasing the awareness in consumers and manufactures.

Using additives such as Balnkit, to increasing the quality color of food and for the fermentation and early preparation of bread dough, has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of Blankit in Hamadan breads production and risk assessment of food consumption during 2016. In this descriptive-analytical study, Balnkit, concentration in breads produced in Hamadan in 2016 was determined. A total number of 85 samples were randomly collected from all bakeries in two steps. The concentration of Blankit was determined according to ISIRI guideline using spectrophotometer in 560 nm. Then for the evaluation of risk assessment of food consumption, the value of target hazard quotients (THQ) was calculated. The Blankit was not found in 97% of samples and only 3% of samples (Lavash bread) have the Blankit. The calculation of the THQ index showed that value of THQ was 0.0041 whose value is less than 1 and the consumption of bread with this concentration will not endanger. The results of this study showed that the addition of Blankitin bread processing, with regard to the concentrations determined and eliminating it from bread due to the heat, does not pose a threat to the health of the people.

Smoking or second hand smoke is a basic problem in public health and it is a preventable cause of non-communicable diseases and premature deaths. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco consumption and the socioeconomic inequality in rural areas of Hamadan city. This study was conducted from September 2012 to February 2013. The multi-stage cluster sampling was used and a total of 350 subjects were recruited. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Socioeconomic statuses were calculated on the basis of wealth score by using principle component analysis.The concentration index and concentration curve were used to measure and illustrate socioeconomic inequalities. P_value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The prevalence of self-reported current smoking (1+ cigarettes per day) in men was 42.01% (95% CI: 36.72- 47.30). The mean number of cigarettes per day was 11.11±8.1. The concentration index in current smoking was -0.11 (95% CI: -0.21, - 0.01) that shows inequity distributed and significant disproportionately concentrated among the lower economic levels. The results showed that the prevalence of cigarette smoking in this region was high and socio-economic inequalities were significant. These inequalities reduced by improving educational opportunities, fair income distribution, health-related behaviors.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and requires self-care. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of depression and anxiety in the relationship between cognitive emotional regulation and self-care in type 2 diabetic patients. 108 patients with type 2 diabetes (57 women, 51 males) participated in this study. The patients were selected through targeted sampling from those referring to health centers in Tehran in 2016. The participants completed the 21st-DASS Questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Self-Care behaviors Questionnaire (SDSCA). Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS software version 16. The results of this study showed that self-care and adaptive strategies of cognitive emotional regulation with anxiety, have a significant negative correlation and there is a significant positive correlation between non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and anxiety (P<0.01). The results of path analysis also indicated the mediator role of anxiety in the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes. According to the result, in the field of self-care in diabetic patients, it is necessary to consider psychological interventions to regulate emotions and reduce depression and anxiety.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a common issue that affects womens in pregnant age and international statistics indicate that this syndrome is increasing. The aim of this study was to compare perceived social support and perceived stress in women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome refereed to Fatemiyeh Hospital in Hamadan city, Iran, 2016. This descriptive-comparative study was carried out with convenience sampling on 116 women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and 116 women without it refereed to Fatemiyeh Hospital in Hamadan city. All data were collected using demographic questionnaire, perceived social support and perceived stress questionnaires, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney tests, independent T-test, and chi-square in SPSS v.17. Results showed that there were no significant difference between two groups in terms of demographic charactersitics including age, weight, BMI, education level and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of perceived social support and perceived stress questionnaires (p<0.05). Given the results, training and awareness are necessary for women and emphasis on perceived social support and perceived stress are recommended as a non-medical option for prevention of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

One of the most common methods for assessing the academic activities in a university is the scientometrics that is performed by using citation databases. The present study examined the amount of scientific publications and the co-authorship of the researchers of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences based on scientific articles indexed in the Scopus citation database. This study is a scientometrics research. The statistical population includes the total scientific output of faculty members of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in the Scopus databases during 2010-2015. The data are collected through a search on the Scopus citation database and the CiteSpace software has been used to drawing a co-authorship map. Scientific outputs and citations of researchers have grown well in the last five years, but the value of h-index is not in desirable proportions in comparison to the increasing citations. The results of m-index showed that the members who have just begun their academic activity in terms of scientific production have been more active than other members with a history. Compared to other colleges, health and medical schools have the highest number of co-authorship and overall, co-authorship has grown well (Average cooperation coefficient = 0.39) during the years of study. According to the low amount of participation, we suggest to create a framework for the wider participation between researchers, linking key authors with the other scholars and attracting young researchers.