نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 4 (بهار 1392)

Boundaries of each country reflects the strength or weakness of the sovereignty and national security; furthermore, every governments, which has the duty of establishing peace and calmness, must have secure borders; they need to deal with threats, as border is the most important factor in security and independence. What is more, borders are considered as significant factor in the political and economic demands with the neighbors and also a creator of social and political integrity in the country. Frontier guard as a diplomat on behalf of the government undertakes the government’s conduct of foreign policies in order to take proper actions with having border meeting under regulations and borders protocols that eventuate in solving borders problems. In fact, the on time actions of border guard would prevent the friendly relationship from being hostile relationship between the two neighbor countries. The purpose of this research, which has been proved with documentary and field research methods, is to find effective parameters such as borders consciousness, environmental conditions and diplomatic role in promoting a negotiation; thereby guards in their mission might be more successful.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of border checkpoint land use on the unauthorized traffics in the region of Hesarcheh in Northern Khorasan. This study is of an implicational type which has been analyzed using descriptive-analytic method based on Combined Statistics (inferential and descriptive). Due to the population limitations, the statistical population contains all of the participants. For data collection purposes, some instruments including interview, questionnaire, and legal documents such as I.R.I Police Law and Parliament Resolutions on the border, maps, satellite images, geographic information system have been employed. Finally, the data obtained by the Likert scale were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that checkpoint land use has a large impact on the unauthorized traffic in the region. Therefore, it is recommended to take actions to the border checkpoint land use in the region under the study using the new technologies including GIS, maps, and satellite images.

The purpose of this paper is to identify factors influencing the security increase in Maraveh Tappeh border city by border police. The main research question is whether the Kurmanji nomads’ presence affects the border security of Maraveh tappeh? The data collection instrument is questionnaire and the research method was descriptive-correlational which was conducted among statistical population of police staffs working in Maraveh Tappeh city using survey method. In order to investigate the relationships between the variables and testing the hypotheses the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was employed. In addition, consistent with the type of the variables the analysis of variance was also used. Meanwhile, all of the calculations were performed using SPSS software. The research time period was form the beginning of the year (solar year) until the end of July (the fourth month of solar year). The study was conducted in the border city of Maraveh Tappeh. Since the total number of statistical population was 60 personnel of Maraveh Tappeh border city, all of the statistical populations were studied. The Cronbach's alpha was performed to determine the reliability of the method and the ratio was obtained as 0.86. The statistical results of the data were presented using the descriptive and inferential statistics considering the type of the research hypotheses the correlations and the following results are obtained: there is a positive relationship between border police training and frontiersmen’s security. There is a positive relationship between border police performance and frontiersmen’s security. There is a negative relationship between the presence of Kurdish nomads and. Therefore, the presence of Kurdish nomads in the region is effective in the low sense of frontiersmen’s security, that is, their sense of security is decreased.

Historically, Pakistan has always been considered part of the Iranian territories and has many cultural, religious and racial commonalities with Iran. The history shows that due to the strangers’ interferences in the Iran’s eastern areas and just for achieving their own economic and political privilege, the inhabitants of those areas suffered from plenty of oppressions and their rules were the colonial rulers’ plaything. Studying the history and seeking the trace of colonization in the incidents of this region, and finally, their interferences in determining the borders that is still the origin of dissension due to the commonalities between them, recount many truths and reveal those figures who are appeared in a different mask and coverage today and they repeat the same story that was used to be. This article was written with the aim of the investigation of the role colonialism in the specification of Iran’s eastern borders and alongside more enlightenment suggests more aspects of lessons. The present article is developed using history-review method and studying the history books and documents. The majority of references in this research are history books, Baluchestan dissertations, the available documents and travelogues in the State Department Bureau of Diplomatic History and Archives, the documents of the National Organization of National Documents, Baluchestan Book in 1928–1938, and the recent studies in this field. The findings of this study showed that the Iranian authorities’ ignorance of political borders’ legal consequences in the international arena and Political and military weakness of the Iranian government after Nader, Due to the unique nature of tribal and political relations in the form of traditional governance, along with the competitions of Russian and British colonial governments for achieving their economic and political objectives in southeast regions of Iran, have formed Iran’s eastern borders with an exclusive emphasis on the interests of England.

Every community needs security in order to achieve its goals. The economic, political, social and cultural securities in our country have always been faced with some challenges. Taking the first place in economy, science, and technology in the region based on the 20-year vision of Islamic Republic of Iran is subjected to the requirements of resolving these challenges. One of these requirements is to combat smuggling phenomenon. Smuggling targets the community security in different political, economic, cultural, administrative and disciplinary aspects. The method used in this research is of a descriptive–library type. In order to achieve the social security components and combat smuggling and to answer the question of what components are needed to combat smuggling in Iran, studying articles and books on management, smuggling, and social security and consulting with experts and thinking about them, the components of fighting against smuggling were identified and with the long term, medium term, and short term planning the guidelines for each of them were analyzed. Finally, the findings of this study show that the vision towards smuggling should not be mono-dimensional; rather it should be analyzed from different cultural, economic, political, administrative, and security dimensions. In other words, in this regard, one of the issues that should be taken into considerations is the real role of fighting against smuggling in creating social security. This role should have a preventive aspect rather than curative aspect, that is, what should we do not to see the re-occurrence of this sinister phenomenon in the community in the future. This new role in fighting against smuggling is not a face to face and physical combat; rather, it is a non-physical and intellectual campaign and encompasses the cultural, economic, political, and administrative guidelines. It is a fighting that has long term and medium term nature. Therefore, the main issue in this research is what we should do to eradicate the security roots of smuggling and minimize the physical conflicts against smuggling.

Smuggling is one of the major factors undermining the economy of Nigeria. This behavior is aided partly by the multi-border nature of the country with multiple entry and exit points (legal and illegal). The country shares land borders with Cameroon, Benin Republic, Republic of Togo, Chad and marine border with Equatorial Guinea. In a bid to stem the tide of smuggling, successive governments in Nigeria have put up a number of measures and legislation in addition to empowering the Nigeria Custom Service, yet the phenomenon has continued unabated. This study therefore, investigated some dispositional factors (openness to experience, agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, extroversion, locus of control, risk taking propensity and contextual factors (economic factors, family influence and peer influence) predicting smuggling behavior. Two hundred smugglers were sampled in a cross-sectional survey using the snowball sampling technique in two selected border towns in Ogun State, Nigeria. Participants’ age ranged from 20 – 60 years with a mean age of 37.13 and standard deviation of 8.43. Of the sample, 188 were males while 12 were females. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire comprising of 8 sections. Findings showed that all the independent variables jointly predicted smuggling behavior (R = .80; R2 = .63; p