نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 9 (تابستان 1393)

Due to lack of resources and lack of appropriate investment, border areas have always been considered as the deprived areas of the country and the lack of attention to this issue has led to the spread of poverty, unemployment, drug trafficking, and insecurity, etc. in these areas. But many of these areas have a high potential for tourism development that would result in economic and social development. This study aimed to assess the potential and capabilities of the coastal border of Hormozgan province for development of tourism and its relationship with the region's security. This study is of an applied and developmental research type and it was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection method was in the library and field studies. In the field study interviews, questionnaires and observation are used. The sample of the study consisted of 50 experts in Hormozgan. To analyze the data, one sample t-tests of Kendall Tau, in the SPSS software is used. To assess the potential of tourism development, the SWOT model was used. The results indicate the high potential for tourism development in this area. Regional security assessment for tourism development represents a favorable safety. The evaluation of the relationship between tourism development and promotion of regional security indicates a positively significant relationship between them. That is, the tourism industry through the development of social, economic, and transportation of the population and tourists’ traffics to this region, would promote regional security and stability is guaranteed.

In the first attempt, this paper studies the relations between Iran and Iraq and investigates the areas where it led to the 1975 Algeria Convention. In the next step, it addresses the effects and consequences of the Convention on relations between the two country. This article citing documents and historical sources shows that in addition to the Iraqi border dispute inherited from Ottomans, stimulations by the British were also led to Iraqis’ too demanding and uncompromising that might be the Convention of 1937 and Iraqis’ territorial claims over Khuzestan; But Iraqis even refuse to perform the Convention of 1937. Although by signing the Algeria contact in 1975 the dissents between the two countries were apparently solved, due to the fact that Saddam's approach towards the Convention was not a strategy but an opportunistic tactic that saved Ba’ath regime from collapse by the Kurds, the failure of the Convention could be predicted from the beginning. This feeling of defeat led Saddam to take revenge resulting in an 8-year war with Iran.

Having a communication network infrastructure has been one the effective component of the fate of battles and territorial defense in a way that the ability of troops’ movement, formal equipment and logistics and other means and the requirements of each application from one place to another, which is often Known as a decisive factor in the victory of combat operations, depends on the roads communication. Due to the load transfer from West to East, Geopolitical situation and transit route for drug exposure, Khorasan Razavi province, in the North East of the country, has been one of the important border provinces in recent years; Looking at the future threats and the unstable neighborhoods and beyond regional forces in the region, analyzing the Tactical and operational Border roads is of critical importance. The purpose of the present study is to examine and analyze the border road network of Khorassan Razavi in two levels: tactical and operational. In terms of methodology this study is of a descriptive - analytical method and the data were collected and analyzed using both library and field (Survey and interviews) study. After analyzing the findings, the importance and function of communication networks of the province were studied in two dimensions of tactics and operations. It was found that the communication networks of Khorassan border regions have a significant impact on security and territorial defense in the region, especially in border areas.

In most countries, the border surrounding areas are the farthest from the center; for this reason, they are often the most deprived areas of the country. The unbalanced development of the economic, social, and ecological parts and also the lack of local interactions have led to these kind of exclusions. Development of border areas and employment generation in the region for the purpose of reducing poverty and unemployment creates the possibility that the psychological and economic costs of migration would be avoided and natural resources and social capital equipment and infrastructure could be exploited. Border markets are the advantages of border regions that by mobilizing the local advantages and capacities and institutional changes aiming at removing social and economic barriers needs to be considered for regional development. West Azarbaijan Province, located in the throat of the Caucasus and Turkey and Iraq's neighbors, is not aside from the developmental policies of the country and the government established the border markets to regulate the cross-border transactions in the province. This study seeks to answer the following questions: how have Razi and Sero border markets acted in the development of surrounding border areas? How can the performance of each of these markets be evaluated in local development? This study was conducted in descriptive-analytical method; the required data were collected using various sources such as interviews, statistical reports, books, journals, etc. The results showed that by considering the existing potentials both of the border markets could not take appropriate and essential steps for the development and improving the livelihoods of people living in border areas. In the meantime, Sero border market, which is located in the province and the provincial authorities pay more attention to, didn’t have an acceptable performance comparing to Razi border market.

Considering the importance of regions and coastal waters from various views, the development and security in the area is specifically significant. Since some marine phenomena such as tsunamis, splitter currents, RIP storms, high waves, water level fluctuation and movement of oil spills are among important factors threatening the coastal areas (through the destruction and damage to the fortifications and coastal structures, marine units’ facilities located in coastal areas, endangering tourists and residents of coastal areas, threatening ecosystem in the region, etc.), therefore, understanding marine phenomena and predicting and controlling the risks arising in coastal waters and also determining dangerous areas, in line with establishment of a comprehensive plan of passive defense in the sea area is very important. According to the human, economic and social declining costs, it also determines the direction of the developmental programs in coastal, marine and even in domestic regions and it can a strategic role in the developmental programs. In this paper, we introduce the methods to predict an oceanic phenomenon and discuss the performance of the oceanic instances for simulation and prediction of marine phenomena and natural hazards and threats that arise from them.

Borders fade is one of the special characteristics of globalization. Today, the union and the link between the countries has become one of the main concerns among governments; because in the era of globalization, in different parts of the world, regional groupings have been formed. Globalization has faced the borders, as a symbol of the authority of government and the countries, with serious challenges. Globalization made the limiting factors in the social environment within the boundaries of the political, cultural and natural framework inherently more inefficient and placed community in single social space and inspired many actions. Considering this issue, the question is that what kind of effects will the globalization have on the nature and function of borers and weakening its range? To this question, the authors, using the analytical-descriptive method, made an attempt to explain the nature of regionalism, globalization and the border range fading; they have shown that the process of globalization, led to changes in people's way of thinking and perception of social relationships and following that identities, interests, security, economic activities, ideas, thoughts, and the arts will get out of the closed circle of geographical boundaries and they will emerge in an extent area of the world.

Maritime piracy is a crime that has reached its peak in recent years after several centuries; For example, in addition to the Somali coast, the Gulf of Aden, where hundreds of ships passing through the Strait trade, is under the influence of maritime piracy in the Gulf and caused considerable problems for security, navigation and marine environment and harm to the economy. Pirates of the early years had participated in such a fight with Limited facilities and later fought with advanced equipment and facilities, and in this regard the UN approved and promulgated significant laws and regulations to deal with pirates. Since the trade and development of Iran's economy is significantly dependent on this waterway and the Indian Ocean, fishing vessels which were assigned to catch tuna in the Indian Ocean had been caught by the pirates in recent years. The only way to deal with this phenomenon is the general mobilization of all countries to participate in military vessels in the region, addressing the economic situation to save people from poverty and unrest in Somalia, supplying commercial vessels with electronic equipment to detect pirate vessels and escort merchant vessels in which the naval force of our country has dispatched the combat groups in dozens of times to the Gulf of Aden and significant successes have happened in terms of immediate actions to save our own ships from pirates which were considered very effective in international visions in a way that it has so often been praised and appreciated in the vision of the world. The research objectives are as follows: The performances of pirates’ activity in various aspects (security of the navigation paths, sea environment, and the global economy, etc.); Familiarity with the methods, activities, and objectives of the pirates for piracy at sea and the ways to deal with them; The need for cooperation and coordination with other countries and international action to deal with the phenomenon of sinister pirates.