International Journal of Health Studies
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Jan-Mar 2017

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of humans and animals that has affected worldwide. Iran is one of the endemic areas infected with brucellosis. Early diagnosis of this disease may protect the affected children from disabilities and mortalities. This study aimed to evaluate the Brucella antibody levels in preschool children of the Shahroud city in Iran.
This cross-sectional study evaluated 850 participants, in particular, school children from the Shahroud city. General information was collected by interviewing the children’s parents. Moreover, a 5 ml of blood sample was collected from all the children. The samples were studies using standard tube agglutination test (Wright) and 2-Mercaptoethanol. Thereafter, IgG and IgM levels were determined by the ELISA method.
A total of 850 children were enrolled, of which 51.2% were boys and 48.8% were girls, with a mean age of 5.17±1.55 years. Of the all children evaluated, 839 (97.5%) children had a titer The antibody titer for suspected brucellosis in preschool children of Shahroud was very low. According to the results of our study, in particular, in the endemic areas, a Wright’s titer of 1/80 in suspected cases for brucellosis can be considered as a diagnostic titer.

Achieving high cell density is an important goal in recombinant proteins production. Optimization of medium components to achieve high cell density and consequently high yield recombinant protein is a common practice in the biotechnology industry. We could not find an article that just examine the effects of salt on growht transformed BL21. On the other hand, salt is a critical component of medium that can be made up in a medium optimization.
Here, we separately investigated effect of K2HPO4, MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4CL on maximum growth of bacteria BL21 after transforming BL21 with PET-32α that containing para thyroid hormones gene. Then, the salts were combined and added to the culture medium for optimization of their effects on high cell density using artificial neural network modelling (ANNs).
After ANN modeling, the obtained model showed that MgSO4 has dominant on high cell density other than salts if final concentration of MgSO4 is 25mg/ml. The best concentration each of salt be lower 30 mg/ml and critical total concentration of slats is 120 mg/ml that inhibitory effect was seen after a critical concentration.
In current study, ANN modeling shows that in prediction of effects of salts (i.e. K2HPO4, MgSO4, (NH4)2SO4 and NH4CL) on cell density to reach high cell density, is effective and efficient.

Lack of sexual health promotion programs in adolescents and young people is a significant public health challenge in the field of sexual health. The aim of this study was to understand sexual health promotion programs emphasizing life skills such as decision-making and self-assertiveness, with the target of enhancing sexual well-being and including studies to reduce biological adverse outcomes such as STIs or unwanted pregnancy in Iran and globally.
We conducted a systematic review by searching online data bases with the keywords, sexual health; health program; and Iran, using systematic reviews such as MEDLINE and CINAHL, ISI, Scopus, Google scholar, Pubmed med, Google, Magiran, SID, Science Citation Index Expanded, Iran Medex Web of Science, ProQuest, and Springer protocols with a focus on sexual health promotion programs in Iran and in the world. Studies with the inclusion criteria and which were conducted within the past 15 years on determining and designing sexual health programs in Iran and globally were included. After extracting the articles and conferences, the specifications of documents were entered and classified in the EndNote software and duplicate cases were excluded from the study.
Based on the findings from the extracted studies, sexual health can be promoted through programs including sexual abstinence education and comprehensive sexual health education.
The problem of education and of the required skills for adolescents and young adults regarding self-control and sexual health is a religious or political issue, and includes social issues which involve many different subjects; so resolving this issue requires systematic planning.

Marital satisfaction has been defined as an individual’s attitudes toward their spouse, and the spouses’ relations. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy makes possible the relation among temper, thoughts and feelings at “the present moment”. By changing and practicing on thinking, we hope through this method that spouses’ relations will improve, and the factors leading to conflicts will be prevented. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on marital satisfaction.
This research is a type of semi-experiment, pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical society includes all women involved in marital conflict who were referred to the psychological consulting clinics in Kerman. The statistical sample consisted of 30 women in the experiment group and the control group. For collecting information, the ENRICH questionnaire on marital satisfaction was used. Covariance analysis was used to compare the subject's scores in both groups.
Teaching mindfulness in the level P Mindfulness conducts the individuals to attain increasing awareness, and changes their relations with thoughts and feelings. Spouses can experience more marital satisfaction through mastering these skills to find solutions to the problems.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is the most common metabolic disorder with complex treatment, and adherence to its treatment requires sophisticated cognition, which includes health literacy. This study aimed to spread health literacy among patients with DM2 in northeast Iran.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among diabetic patients in Shahroud city of Iran in 2016. Multistaged cluster random sampling was used for 450 individuals with diabetes who were interviewed using two standard questionnaires on diabetes health literacy (TOFHLA and DNT15). Participants were enquired about their personal information (age, gender, level of education, etc.). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for poor health literacy concerning diabetes prevention and control among patients with prediabetes.
The mean diabetes health literacy score was 44.0 (18.0–92.0). This score was higher among men than women (OR=1.623), and lowest literacy score was observed in respondents with less than 1 year of education (OR=13.041). The literacy score among diabetic patients with a family history of diabetes was higher than among those with no family history (OR=2.523).
This study showed that health literacy related to diabetes prevention and control among diabetic individuals was rather low in Shahroud city. Appropriate health education for diabetic patients with low literacy should be incorporated into diabetes prevention efforts.

With increasing demands for environmental protection, photocatalysis has attracted great attention, and AgInS2 based photocatalysis are an attractive system to study.
In this work, AgInS2 (AIS) nanoparticles were synthesized via the microwave heating process with the power of 900 W for 5 min, which showed excellent photocatalytic activities upon the degradation of 4-nitro phenol (4-NP) under visible light irradiation.
The optimum catalyst showed the removal efficiency up to 97%, of 4-NP with the 15 mg L−1 concentration from the water after 80 min photocatalytic reaction time. The mechanism of photocatalysis was also analyzed. The product was characterized by PXRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. A scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope revealed the particle morphology, with the average size of 70 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed that the resultant product is a pure orthorhombic phase of AIS nanoparticles. The band gap energy of 1.96 eV estimated by the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), exhibited that this product can be prone for photocatalytic activity in the visible region.
It is suggested that the AgInS2 nanoparticles developed in our work can provide a new platform for the design of highly efficient photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.

The objective of this randomized trial was to compare the effects of mesalazine and nortriptyline on relief of abdominal pain, discomfort, abnormal bowel habits and quality of life in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D).
In this triple blinded, randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive mesalazine (500 mg tablet orally, twice a day) or nortriptyline (10 mg tablet orally, once daily). IBS-D was diagnosed according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Before allocation, all patients completed the Beck questionnaire for screening for depression, and the informed consent form.
Change score for abdominal pain severity was significantly higher for mesalazine than for nortriptyline (208.5±80.9 V.s 146.8±105.6) and change score for days with pain was not significantly different between two arms (3.9±2.8 V.s 2.8±3.0). The results show that the change score of satisfaction with bowel habits (56.2±20.2 V.s 37.5±24.9) and quality of life (42.0±26.7 V.s 26.3±18.6) in the mesalazine-treated group is greater than in the nortriptyline group.
This study showed that mesalazine, as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of IBS-D in patients without psychological disorders, is more effective than nortriptyline.

Growing evidences show that the successful treatment of pediatric obesity requires consideration not only of medical issues but also of psychological and social environmental and familial factors. Special emphasis is given to the psychological and spiritual aspects of pediatric obesity in the context of a holistic perspective. In this regard this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of multi-faceted training focused on spiritual parenting to mothers on promoting spirituality of overweight children.
In this study, 48 volunteer (24 boy students and 24 their mothers) eligible to exclude-include criteria were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. An orientation session was held to explain the research goals and intervention. The experimental group trained, 90 minutes sessions weekly for 3 months (10 sessions), but control group did not receive any intervention. Prior to and after Training, all participant completed demographic information questionnaire and then children completed religiosity and spirituality scale for youth (rassy) scale and children's BMI were measured. Data analysis with 22th version of SPSS was done.
Data analysis with applying one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance ( ancova and mancova) revealed that Multi-faceted training focused on spiritual parenting could significantly promote the total score and faith-based coping and religious social support/activities but BMI were decreased significantly (P The results showed that the multi-faceted training focused on spiritual parenting to mothers leads to promotion of spirituality scores of children with overweight. Also, it seems that the body mass index (BMI) will be reduced. This study demonstrated that spiritual parenting benefits are similar to the dietary restriction and physical activity. And it can cause weight loss and enhance spirituality in children.