International Journal of Health Studies
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Jan-Mar 2016

Matricaria chamomilla is an ancient herbal drug widely consumed to sexual system improvement. The aim of this research was to study the effect of Matricaria chamomilla hydroalcholic extract on the pituitary-testis axis and testes tissues of male rats.
Mature male rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the Matricaria group (100 mg/kg of Matricaria chamomilla extract via feeding tube once daily for 8 weeks) and the control group (1 ml of distilled water orally for the same period). After 8 weeks, animal were evaluated for blood levels of testosterone, estrogen, FSH, and LH. Fertility indices like sperm count and the weight of the reproductive organs were assayed. In addition, testes histological assessments were done.
Consumption of Matricaria caused elevation in blood testosterone, FSH an LH. Spermatogonia, Spermatocyte, Spermatid, Spermatozoa, Leydig and Epididymal spermatozoa reserve count and reproductive organs weight were increased too.
These findings suggest that Matricaria chamomilla extract improve pituitary-testis axis and spermatogenesis in rats.

Developmental activities especially the establishment of more than 20 industrial units in Semnan province caused the officers worries about increased concentration of heavy metals in drinking water supplies and probably increasing of health risk at consumers. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of Semnan province industrial development on the health risk level caused by drinking waters heavy metals with HRAEPA index.
For this descriptive-analytical study, sampling from 17 wells was perfumed at first. Then the heavy metals concentrations were measured at laboratory with Standard methods (Arsenic, Cadmium and Mercury with Atomic Absorption GTA-95 - Lead and Chromium with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Meantime, HRAEPA index was calculated with three step process of health risk assessment. Statistical analysis was performed by Repeated Measure¡ One sample T-test and One-Way ANNOVA methods. Finally, zoning map of heavy metals in Semnan province has been prepared with GIS.
Results showed that the levels of all heavy metals are at national, WHO and EU standard ranges. HRAEPA indexes was 4.48Í10-4, 4.36Í10-4 and 4.46Í10-4 for 2001-2011, 2012-2015 and 2015 period, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest HRAEPA index was for 2001-2011 and 2015, respectively.
The study showed that the heavy metals concentrations in groundwater resources were lower than threshold toxic level. However with the industrial development started at Semnan province, water resources quality must be protected by law enforcement and tight supervision on industrial and mining-excavation activities.

Platelet MPs are produced automatically during platelet storage. Their size is about 0.1 – 1 µm and have ability for sub- endothelium adhering, strengthen of platelet aggregation and also platelet pre- coagulation. In fact, the release of membrane particles helps to signal to the neighbor cells or to seclude target cells from apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of time passing on platelet MPs production.
In this experimental study, 12 units of PC from healthy donors were obtained. Sampling was done at 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after storage. After separating of MPs, they were prepared for flow cytometery analyses by anti- CD41a FITC and assessed their concentration through Bradford methods. Paired sample T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the results and investigate the probable significant differences of this experiment.
There was no significant difference in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 2 and 3. (P> 0.05) On the other hand, we could claim significant differences in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 3 and day 5 and also between day 5 and day 7. (P We showed that the production or releasing of platelet MPs were considerable by passing time. Also by increasing of storage time, platelet component included more MPs which were able to signal and produce interaction with other cells in patient receiving bodies. As a result, it was possible to interfere in their immune responses, inflammatory or coagulation processes after transfusion

Self-efficacy is one's belief in ability to succeed in specific situations and considerable factor to maintaining healthy behaviors. It has an important role in person-centred care and significantly improves after effects of heart attacks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a peer based intervention on cardiac self-efficacy of the patients after bypass surgery.
In this clinical trial study, 60 patients undergoing bypass surgery were chosen and assigned equally into the control and intervention groups. The patients were assigned into two groups by block randomization. While routine education was presented to the patients in the control group, intervention group were taught using the peer education in two sessions. Cardiac self-efficacy of all the selected patients was assessed orderly in 36-month (3 years) follow-up after surgery. Inclusion criteria used to choose the suitable patients were as the following: no record of CABG surgery, understanding and talking Persian language, willingness to participate in the research, age between 40 and 70 years, no dementia, confusion, mental and psychological problems which might hinder their participation. In addition, exclusion criteria in this study were patient’s death, serious physical problems after CABG surgery, emergency and unexpected surgeries, or cancellation the CABG surgery due to patient’s situation. Data was collected using cardiac self-efficacy scale and analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.
The patients in both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic data. The mean score of cardiac self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly different from control group in 3- year follow-up after surgery (P Based on this study, accomplishment of peer based intervention can be a beneficial educative-supportive approach in cardiac surgery fields.

According to the recent studies, the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were studied on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. In this study antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles that used for coating textiles, on E.coli and S.aureus was investigated.
Silver nanoparticles were coated on textile fabric by corona treatment and the antibacterial properties of fabrics were quantitatively evaluated by using a Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.
The textiles coated with silver nanoparticles had favorable antimicrobial effect against both E. coli and S. aureus. The value of antibacterial activity was appropriated with corona power and deposition that was used for absorption of Silver nanoparticle on samples.
These results suggest that silver nanoparticles could be used as an effective antibacterial material.

To determine the prevalence of outpatient and hospitalization for cataract surgery in Iran.
A random cluster sampling was done in a cross-sectional study on cataract surgeries performed in treatment centers of ophthalmology in Iran between 2000 and 2005. One week of each season was selected randomly and all cataract surgery files of the center were studied. This study reported the prevalence of outpatient surgery and length of hospital stay in all surgeries in Iran between 2000 and 2005.
Among 13,409 studied files on cataract surgery, mean hospitalization time was 0.79±0.82 days, 31.42% of surgeries were done on an outpatient basis, and 62.32% were hospitalized for one night. About 4.45% and 1.81% were hospitalized for two nights and more, respectively. Hospitalization time after surgery showed no significant difference with sex. Also, There was no significant difference between mean age of inpatients and outpatients (P=0.08). The most common method used for surgeries was Phaco (52.33%) and the least was lensectomy (11.38%).
A major proportion of cataract surgeries required hospitalization. Due to the costs of hospitalization in this surgery, the phaco method can play an important role in reducing the costs of treatment.

Hyperglycemia is one of the important featurs of diabetes. In cell culture studies different methods are used to mimic the hyperglycemia condition. In this study we investigate response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) to high insulin, high glucose, and high insulin/ high glucose medium exposure.
HepG2 cells were settled in DMEM.1% FBS or DMEM free-serum medium with high concentrations of d-glucose (30 mm) and/or insulin (1μM) for 24h after an overnight starving in serum- free medium. The level of hyperglycemia was estimated in the supernatants via GOD-POD method.
Serum-free madium with high insulin/ high glucose consentration made the higher level of hypreglycemia in HepG2 cells.
Our study interduced high insulin/ high glucose treatment as the best way to induction hyperglycemia.

Poly cystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common female endocrine disorders. One of the side effects of PCOS is oxidative stress.. Here we investigated antioxidants effects of Thymus vulgaris ethanoli extract on experimental PCOS induced rats by estradiol-valerat (PPA).
Wistar female rat (n=70) were divided into 7 groups including C1: an equal volume of (0.9% NaCl) as placebo; C2: extract (0.6cc/rat/orally/daily); C3: induced PCO by single injection of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM), and T1: PCOS induced rats an equal volume of (0.9% NaCl) as placebo, T2: PCOS induced rats extract(0.2cc/rat/orally/daily), T3: PCOS induced rats extract (0.4cc/rat/orally/daily), T4:PCOS induced rats笛歩 (0.4cc/rat/orally/daily) test groups, were received extract supplement, for 60 consequence days. Animals were kept in standard conditions. In last day of study the blood samples of rats in whole groups were obtained and prepared to biochemical analysis.
Total antioxidant capacity level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were significantly increased in PCOS treated groups (P Our results disclosed that administration of Thymus vulgaris ethanol extract significantly restitution tissue antioxidants level in PCOS induced rats.