فهرست مطالب

Health Studies - Volume:1 Issue: 3, Oct-Dec 2015

International Journal of Health Studies
Volume:1 Issue: 3, Oct-Dec 2015

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/11/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Ghasem Hesam, Sajjad Farhadi, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi, Mahdi Jalali, Zahra Moradpour* Pages 1-6
    Background
    Among the industrial activities that may cause odor nuisance problems, baking waste one is of the sources of bad odor, and therefore individuals complain from the industry. The aim of this study was to evaluation of pollutants released from poultry rendering plant and also performance of existing refiners in removing these pollutants.
    Methods
    In this study, 66 air samples were collected from air pollution sources, environmental and worker's breathing zone using absorbent activated carbon and silica gel at two slaughterhouses in North and West of Iran. The samples were analyzed by GC-MS, and then efficiency of the three refiners condenser, thermal oxidation and water tank had been determined.
    Results
    Overall, 56 chemical pollutants in the slaughterhouse A and 41 chemical pollutants in the slaughterhouse B had been identified. These compounds were included hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, halogenated compounds, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, acids and hormones. Condenser efficiency was 38 to 100%. Thermal oxidation efficiency was 15.41 to 100% and the efficiency of the water tank was 8.93 to 100%.
    Conclusions
    Occupational exposure to pyridine and carbon disulfide, in the slaughterhouse A, and carbon disulfide in the slaughterhouse B, was excessive. The concentrations of toluene, carbon disulfide and pyridine in the slaughterhouse A and concentrations of toluene, carbon disulfide and acetone in a slaughterhouse B was much more than the threshold of smell. Results showed that the combination of condenser and thermal oxidation, could remove large volumes of gases emitted.
    Keywords: Rendering plant, GC, MS, Condenser, Thermal oxidation, Water tank
  • Effect of Different Activation Mechanism of T Cells on Immunoregulatory Properties of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    Masoomeh Masoomikarimi, Raziyeh Alipour, Minu Adib, Reza Ahmadi, Moslem Jafarisani*, Agheel Tabar Mollahassan Page 3
    Background
    Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) have ability to regulate immune response via proinflamatory cytokines. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of different mechanism for T cell activation and adjacency on immunoregulatory properties of MSC.
    Methods
    Bone marrow MSCs were purchased and T cells were obtained from whole blood sample. T cells were activated by two different mechanisms using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and then co-cultured with MSC using transwell cultures (Indirect contact) and usual plate (Direct contact). After 96 hours TGF-b concentration in culture medium and indole amine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in cell lysate were assayed. We used ANOVA and T-test for statistical analysis and 0.05 was considered as significant level.
    Results
    Our result showed a significant increase of TGF-b secretion and IDO activity. Increase in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) groups was more significant than lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) in compare with control.
    Conclusions
    The present study confirmed immunoregulatory effect of BM-MSC. Also this study showed that MLC of BM-MSCs and T cells have more immunoregulatory effects than LTT.
    Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cell, T cells, Immunoregulatory, TGF, b, IDO
  • Zahra Sadri Najaf Abadi, Farnaz Fatemi, Masoud Khosravani, Majid Rahmati, Esmaeil Sadroddiny* Page 7
    Background
    Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP- 2) belongs to the TGF-β superfamily of proteins and plays an important role in the development of bone and cartilage. BMP- 2 is also associated with maintenance and repair of damaged bone. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP- 2) is now produced by genetic engineering techniques and used in treatment of thin bone fractures in the jaw and spine. In this study we aimed to extract and amplify the BMP- 2 gene from human osteoblast cell line MG-63, insert the amplified BMP- 2 gene into pGEM-b1 cloning vector, and then transform the recombinant vector into the E.coli strain of Rosetta. This technique can be used in future research and BMP- 2 expression.
    Methods
    After culturing MG-63 cells, approximately 5 million viable cells were used for extraction of Total RNA. The extracted RNA was used for cDNA synthesis in RT-PCR reaction. Then, the BMP- 2 gene was amplified by specific primers and the PCR product was cloned in the pGEM-b1 vector. Chemically competent E.coli cells were prepared using CaCl2 0.1 M and transformed with recombinant pGEM-b1 vector under heat shock. The transformed E.coli Rosetta bacteria were inoculated on LB agar medium containing Ampicillin. Bacterial colony containing recombinant vector was isolated and used for plasmid extraction. The extracted plasmid was used for specific PCR to confirm the presence of BMP- 2 gene in pGEM- b1 vector.
    Results
    After transformation, the E.coli Rosetta had the ability to become resistant to ampicillin and could grow on ampicillin- containing medium. While non-transformed E.coli Rosetta could not grow on LB agar containing ampicillin. The 1100 bp fragment was obtained from PCR amplification with specific primers, indicating that the BMP- 2 gene was inserted into pGEM-b1 vector.
    Conclusions
    The pGEM-b1 vector and E.coli Rosetta strain were not used for BMP- 2 cloning in previous investigations. Therefore, this method may be a useful approach to reduce the challenges ahead of the optimization of BMP- 2 production.
    Keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein 2, Molecular cloning, Genetic vectors, Bacterial transformation
  • Fatemeh Khodarahmi, Zahra Soleimani, Samira Yousefzadeh, Nadali Alavi, Ali Akbar Babaei, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Gholamreza Goudarzi Pages 7-12
    Background
    The aim of study was to measure particle matter concentration (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) during normal, semi-dust and dust-event days. The impacts of some meteorological factors on particle matter concentrations were also investigated.
    Methods
    Samples were collected by Grimm aerosol technik (GmbH model 1/108 Germany) from November 2011 to May 2012. Temperature, humidity, wind speed and UV index were obtaind from the website (www.Weather.ir).
    Results
    The concentration of particulate matter PM1, PM2.5, PM10 in dust event days was 10, 6 and 2 times higher than normal days, respectively. The highest concentration of particle matter was February in winter. There was significant relationship between the particulate matter concentration with temperature and wind speed (P<0.05).
    Conclusions
    The concentration of particulate matter affected by traffic, crowded, humidity and temperature. These factors increased particulate matter concentration specially when was with inversion.
    Keywords: Particulate matter, Dust event day, Ahvaz, Meteorological parameters
  • Majid Arabameri, Javid Allahbakhsh, Aliakbar Roudbari* Pages 13-19
    Background
    The study examined the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process.
    Methods
    A three-layer backpropagation neural network was optimized to predict Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process. Considering the smallest mean square error (MSE), The configuration of the backpropagation neural network was three-layer ANN with tangent sigmoid transfer function (Tansig) at hidden layer with 14 neurons, linear transfer function (Purelin) at output layer and Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation training algorithm (LMA).
    Results
    ANN predicted results were very close to the experimental results with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.993 and MSE 0.000334. The sensitivity analysis showed that all studied variables (Contact time, ultrasound frequency and power and pH) had strong effect on Ammonia nitrogen removal. In addition, pH was the most influential parameter with relative importance of 44.9%.
    Conclusions
    The results showed that neural network modeling could effectively predict Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process.
    Keywords: Modeling, ANN, Ammonia nitrogen, Leachate, Ultrasound
  • Gholamreza Toogeh, Seyed Mohammad Mirrezaie*, Seyed Morteza Tabatabaee, Hamid Reza Saber, Suzanne Hojjat, Assari, Mohammad Shariati Pages 24-28
    Background
    The blood donation proportion of women to men is 1 to 9 in Iran. Lack of time, fear of needling and difficult access to donation sites were main reasons for not donating blood in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess barriers of blood donation by women working in Tehran blood transfusion center.
    Methods
    To achieve the aim of this study we designed a qualitative research. The study population came from female personnel in Tehran Blood Transfusion Center (TBTC) they were recruited by qualitative purposeful sampling with no history of blood donation.
    Results
    Twenty-seven female personnel of TBTC aged 21-55 years old were entered to two focus group discussions. In the focus group discussion, knowledge of participants about the needs and importance of blood donation and donor acceptance criteria was desirable. There were common fears and beliefs about blood donation, similar to the results of previous study in general female population, including weakness, concerns of having or developing anemia, fear of needling, being in reproductive age, menstruation cycle, pregnancy and childbearing stage. Some of participants believed that working in TBTC, especially in technical units, acts as a deterrent For few females who worked in TBTC, concern of a positive test result either true or false was another cause of not blood donation. A few donors mentioned that derived plasma from female bloods was not used and also some others experienced complicated blood donation in clients. So they did not attempt to donate blood.
    Conclusions
    At first, it seemed that female staff working in TBTC might have different perceptions about blood donation because of greater awareness than women in the general community. However the results of this study showed that reasons of not donating blood in this group of women was not different from females in the general population.
    Keywords: Women, FGD, Blood donation, Staff, Iran
  • Ali Dadgari*, Tengku Aizam Hamid, Seyed Abbas Mousavi, Nazrul Hakim, Lim Poh Hin, Leila Dadvar Pages 29-32
    Background
    Falls is worldwide health problem among older adults. Different scales have been introduced related to falls, including Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and Activity-Specific Balance Scale (ABCS). Persian version of these scale needs to be assessed for internal consistency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency of Persian version of FES and ABCS.
    Methods
    In this pilot descriptive cross-sectional study, subjects (n=20) were selected by convenient sampling from elderly community dwellers. Prior to assessing the internal consistency, the original scales were first translated and culturally adapted from English into Persian according to a standardized procedure. Moreover the Cronbach’s alpha of the scales was calculated by SPSS software version 21.
    Results
    The Cronbach’s alpha of the FES and ABCS were calculated as 0.895 and 0.894, respectively. The inter-item correlation matrix of FES with 10 item and ABCS with 16 items, were positive and acceptable in both scales. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted for all items in ABCS were lower than 0.894 and in FES were below 0.895. It suggests that if each item deleted in both scales, the consistency of the test would decline. Therefor all items were necessary for the scales.
    Conclusions
    The unity of the scales and internal consistency of the 16-item ABCS and 10-item of FES were good and comparable to what has been reported for previous versions of the scales in other cultures. FES and ABCS are two scales which can be used in Persian language for further studies on falls among older adults.
    Keywords: Internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, Falls efficacy scale, Activity, specific balance scale
  • Naghmeh Ahmadiankia Pages 33-34
    Background
    Metastasis is one the most leading cause of death from cancer. The chemokine receptor of CXCR4 has an important role in cell migration and cancer metastasis. Additionally, metastasis is always associated with the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study the correlation between expression of CXCR4 and EMT-TFs has been examined.
    Methods
    The expression of CXCR4 in knocked out SUM159 cell line for EMT-TFs of slug, snail, twist and ZEB1 were examined.
    Results
    The results revealed that the expression of CXCR4 decreased significantly in twist and ZEB1 knocked out cells, however in other groups no change was observed. Decreased expression of CXCR4 indicated that ZEB1 and twist may be one of regulators of CXCR4 expression.
    Conclusions
    ChIP assay should be performed in future experiments to see the definite role of ZEB1 and twist as transcription factors for CXCR4.
    Keywords: CXCR4, ZEB1, Cancer, Metastasis, Epithelial mesenchymal transition