پژوهشنامه نهج البلاغه
پیاپی 11 (پاییز 1394)

Freedom is one of the human primary needs and rights and it has various definitions. Freedom can be divided into natural, social and spiritual and it is used in civil societies with different interpretations. The present article aims at studing different kinds of freedoms in an Islamic governance in Imam Ali's opinions and it can be a suitable norm and pattern for nowadays Islamic countries. The result of article is that there have been different kinds of freedoms in Imam Ali's governance which are existed in nowadays civil societies. Imam Ali believed that any human being should be freedom and independence in his thoughts, will and action. He protected the lawful different freedoms of people unless they are harmful to society. He tried to meet with his opponents logically and has a respectable behavior with them as like as the messenger of Islam.

Imam Ali(peace be upon him) has used many figures of speech and literary devices in 111 sermon of Nahj-al-balaghe. One of his stylistic methods is the use of parallel structures. Parallel structures are made up parallel forms connected by coordinate conjunctions and take an identical syntactic role. He has used these structures for various reasons such as strengthening tone and music of his speech and emphasis. Most structures in this sermon include bi-structures and some consist of chain structures. Parallel structures in this sermon include noun clause, verb clauses, and conditional sentences which semantically have relationships such as contradiction, synonymy, cause and effect and sequence. Moreover, this sermon has eloquent and musical parallel. This paper is to investigate different forms of parallel structures in different syntactic aspects and their relationship with eloquent, musical, and lexical areas.

According to the theory intertextuality, every literary text, aware or not aware, procreation or readout from his contemporary literary works or before. Nahj-al-balaghe, Since the rise so far, [after the Quran] aways, is considered as one of the key and sources for Arab and Iranian literati. while the classical Iranian poets modling from the valuable words and concepts of Amir of believers is More prominent. so that the kinds intertextuality of Nahj-al-balaghe in many Persian poems, is visible clearly. The aim of this study is to identify, introduce and explain the word intertextuality Imam in the words and concepts of classical Persian poetry. The realization was done by descriptive analytical method, and by induction eloquent the valuable words and concepts of Nahj-al-balaghe in the poetrys of the most prominent Iranian poets. By analysis and study of Process intertextuality in these poetry (the text present) and Nahj-al-balaghe (the text missing) we find that the kinds intertextuality was came In the form Intertextual in words of content and reports, and intertextual relations in In the form partial negation, negation and rejection of parallel or general. It should be noted that the intertextual content, and the negation of the parallel of intertextual relations, in the style of writing poems studied, the other, is more pronounced.

Nahj-al-balaghe contains many anecdotes and this story more are historically. Undoubtedly, the Imam (as) in Nahj-al-balaghe not storytelling It represents a means of expression issues such as the ideological, political and military. So he does not like long tradition and is followed by elaboration events. Relying on new cash component of fiction, assimilation and many similarities between the story of the Nahj-al-balaghe with modern literary types that we Stories Which is known as the minimum orientation or minimalism. In the present research with descriptive analytical approach based on the Stories of a beautiful story of Nahj-al-balaghe al-Jihad in the sermon explains. The result of this study shows that although this story has all the elements of the story but most of them have been and like many of the indicators of this new literary genre the technique of writing is excellent and is among the minimalist stories.

Attention to the Ethical decision making with regard to the importance of decision making and ethics in the field of management, is growing every day and nowadays management science intellectuals have believed that managers in decisions making time must also consider ethical criteria. But the issue is that what decision is considered ethical. In this research, efforts have been made that present a model of ethical decision making of managers based on Nahj-al-balaghe Teachings will be presented. For this purpose, used from Grounded Theory Method and finally identified 641 Propositions, 50 concepts and 14 categories. In this regard, first all the propositions of Nahj-al-balaghe are examined and then the key concepts have been extracted. In next step, the research categories consisting of the concepts confronted earlier, have been identified and classified at three types included core, basic and underlying categories. Some of the most important components are identified: Commitment to the right, Justice, good policy, correct perception, focus on the public interest, truthfulness and trusteeship. These categories formed the final Ethical decision making model based on Nahj-al-balaghe teachings.

One of the doubts that have been raised by some doubters about Nahj-al-balaghe is the existence about the accuracy of the description and picture strangeness sermon in 155, 165 and 185 for describing the bat, peacock, ant and locust. Doubtershave expressed that in original works of Arabic and Islamic look no trace of accuracy and strangeness of the description exist yet and these describes common in Arabic and Slamic books by translation of texts from Greek and Persian. Aa for this, they have been claimed that collector of the Nahj-al-balaghe (seyyed razi) is forger somebody.This article upon analysing these tree sermon sough by the expressed examples of the accuracy of the description in Quran, prophet Narratives(PBUH) and Pre-Islamic Literature, will express its Verbal Connection between these documents proof of this doubt.

In mutual understanding, Wise men consider the chronological & local conditions, so it is difficult & impossible in some cases to understand these aspects completely without this matter. It will be defective to understand the aspects of Nahj-al-balaghe without considering this space & situations of Amir Al- Momenin’s (PBUH) commandment issuance words. This issuance condition which exists in Imam Ali’s (PBUH) speeches, causes that its aspects & meanings to be understood and the ambiguity to be eliminated, and also causes to find the answers to some doubts against the text of Nahj-al-balaghe. On the other hand we should be able to recognize better the character of Imam Ali (PBUH) and his contemporaries, and make it possible to comprehensd his knowledge and his training and governing methods through the issuance space of his statement with the understanding of this holly book. Much of the issuance of Nahj-al-balaghe can be text analysis, referring to the sources of the book and enjoying some traditional and historical resources achieved.