پژوهشنامه نهج البلاغه
پیاپی 20 (زمستان 1396)

One of the methods for communities to get the core concept of health is spiritual health. The use of this power can Protect people from Many diseases and mental health problems and Result of psychological security and peace- as one of the psychology aims- And finally keep the community healthy and spiritual health is the Result of the Beliefs and the relationship between man and his Creator, so to say, the concept of spiritual is Knowing the Creator, loving him and trying to achieve his highest status. According to what was said, studying of these factors is essential. Because spiritual health in the Imam Ali (AS) has top holder and can be constructive for today society, therefore the goal of the present article presenting methods for Deepen the spiritual health among people, from the view of Imam Ali (AS). Method of research is descriptive - analysis, tool research is plug and data analysis is Qualitative analysis. Research findings shows that there are two approach for spiritual health: vertical spiritual health and horizontal spiritual health. Overall Counting and checking five methods for horizontal spiritual health and five methods for vertical spiritual health that some of them are: Invite to the faith, Recommend to the fear and hope, Continence and Forgiveness.

Background and Measuring and evaluating of the effectiveness of training courses, is one of the key and most challenging tasks of the educational system in all organizations and type of general- specialist education. The need for planning and investing in order to strengthen and enhance the spirituality of the students for reaching to perfection is clear for anyone. So, considering the importance of the influence of religious issues on the attitudes and behavior of individuals, we need to search the effectiveness of insightful enlightenment courses for increasing teacher-students’ motivation and their interest which help us to evaluate their behaviors. This research work was conducted with the aim of determining the level of teacher- students’ knowledge of their world view.
Research In this quantitative research a pilot study with post- test and pre-test, for which two types of questionnaires with acceptable validity have been used. The first questionnaire refers to the initial behavior of individuals before starting the course and the second one was related to final behavior the participant after the course completed. The sample size was 70 teacher-students which were selected by simple random sampling method. After seven sessions related to Mottaghin sermon of Nahj al-Balaghah, the second questionnaire was filled by participants. Collected data analyzed using statistical indices such as mean, standard- deviation, correlation, multi- variables analysis of variance. Statistical community is female teacher -students of the Hamedan Province Shahid Bahonar campus of Farhangian university in 1395. The research result show that there is significant difference between pre and post test results.

The purpose of this research is to identify the techniques of psychological operations of Amir al-Muminin (AS) in confrontation with enemies. The results of this study indicate that Imam Ali (AS) have used 5 techniques of psychological operation including encouragement,demoralization,intimidation, comparison and suggestion.In the encouragement technique, he draws the evil face of the false wing, in addition to expression of divine help and description of the results of jihad. He is trying to motivate and encourage the mujahidin. Imam ali(AS) uses the intimidation technique versus common views in this field seeking to use the intimidation technique to lead the armies to the right. Imam used the suggestion technique in two categories: the induction of devil and enemy troops and induction of non-Islamic behavior of the audience in order to guide their followers. In the comparison technique, using the comparison of the world and the past, he seeks to reveal the reality of the worldly and the past to audience. According to the reviews and analyzes done, in author’s opinion, the...technique like the technique, is one of the techniques that have been cited in this article. In this technique, they not only do not intend to eliminate the will and determination of the army, but seek to strengthen it, so that the title of criticism with regard to the Islamic context can be presented for this technique. Finally, considering the results of the research, the definition of psychological operation has also been reviewed.

Forgrounding is one of the important Formalistic terms which means a diversion from the normal and automatic languagage. Formalists believe that the normal lnguage has missed its freshness. Therefore the writer should deviate from normal language to make it attractive and less tedious. They define the forgrounded languageas as a language which turns away from.any normality and regularity.This breaching of language is seen in two realms, consisting of "deviation" and "extra regularity". Formalists conceive extra regularity as any addition to the rules of normal language which is the main point for harmony and rythym. They also define deviation as breaking the rules and regulations of language which leads to composing poetry. Imam Ali's 45th advisory letter contains multiple literary terms that can be surveyed based on forgrounding theory.
This thesis using descriptive – analytic method surveys forgrounding techniques in Imam Ali's letter and shows different kinds of forgrounding and extra regularity and focuses on the relation between these literary terms and Imam Ali's concepts. The thesis shows that Imam Ali has forgrounded his ideas using rhythmical pattern like repetition, pun and internal rhyme. He also has used extra regularity in his letter by succesion, similie, metaphor and kenning and aimed to attract the readers to understand his ideas.

Jamal companion's movement is known as the first political movement that aimed to overthrow the Islamic regime at that time i.e. at the time of Imam Ali’ Regime. This political move nowadays considered as a coup which formed by Ayesha, Talha and Zubayr. On the other hand, the Imam Ali (as) in Nahj ul-Balagha addressed and described the war of al-Jamal. Therefore, this article, with using descriptive-analytic methods and focusing on Nahj ul-Balagha, is going to review that how the Imam Ali (as) deal with the coup the war of al-Jamal. In this context, the following items have been negotiated and analyzed: recognizing the companions of the Jamal and their actions in the face of Imam (AS), the symbol of murder and plunder and war, coping strategies of Imam Ali (A.S) with them such as dealing with the requirements of Sharia and Islamic politics, explaining the motives about it and how to engage in the negotiation and entry requirements to the battle of Jamal.

Social criticism as an important issue, in spite of its long- established background in the history of human thought and behavior, has nowadays become more important due to the requirements of the present- day society. Advancement of the human society rests upon the enrichment of thought of criticism which in turn requires that criticism be systematic and methodical. Thus in various traditions of human thought, particularly among contemporary western scholars, valuable attempts have been made to establish and strengthen a theoretical foundation for criticism and offer a theory of social criticism. In the present study attempts have been made to investigate the possibility of inferring and developing a theory of social criticism from the texts of nahj- al- Balaghah, as one of the leading and valuable texts in the Islamic intellectual tradition. Considering a theory of criticism as a coherent framework consisting of principles and assumptions of criticism, criteria for distinguishing good and bad, a source of determining such criteria, characteristics of a critique, and agents of criticism; the present study claims that Nahj- al- Balaghah enjoys the capacity of offering a theory of social criticism.

Nahj al-Balagha is a hadith book written in simple prose. Transmission of Nahj al-Balagha traditions resulted in casting doubt about their authenticity and their attribution to Imam Ali (Peace be upon him). Therefore, some Shiite scholars have responded to such doubts by extracting some evidence and sources. However, these sources have not been without deficiencies and faults. The study, regarding the reputation of Dashti’s works on Nahj al-Balagha, is to give a review of the book “Research methods in documents of Nahj al-Balagha” by documentary analysis method. Thus, the results show that despite the innovations, the book has some problems and defects as well, including: quoting other sources without checking, the use of non-scientific practices to explore documents and selected sources, the interference between codicology and documentology and referring to some “Nahj al-Balagha interpretations”, citing some recent works as evidence, the role of some sources, lack of giving a thorough review to the sources and irregularities in presenting them. They are all among the weaknesses of the book which was revealed by the study and necessitates the revision of the book and more efforts in exploration and extraction of other sources.