مجله تصویر سلامت
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1395)

Agenda setting is the process by which certain issues come onto the policy agenda from the much larger number of issues potentially worthy of attention by policy makers. The aim of this study was to deeply understand about how AIDS entered to health policy agenda in Iran.
Material and An exploratory qualitative retrospective study based on multiple streams framework to analyze AIDS agenda setting process¡ 32 semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants and stakeholders in Iran and 30 policy documents were reviewed. Data were analyzed using framework analysis method and MAXQDA software.
Problem¡ policy and politics¡ the three streams of HIV/AIDS in context of Iran were identified and the advent and continuity of multiple streams and their interactions and combination by policy entrepreneurs in couple of streams in policy windows were explained.
In this study¡ the assumption of independence of three streams from each other was doubted. Also¡ framework has ambiguities in explaining entrepreneurs'' act when opening policy windows. Other researchers can modify the framework by learning-by-doing.

Natural and man-made disasters always threaten human lives and properties. Iran as one of the disastrous countries has experienced both natural and man-made disasters. Preparedness is one of the vital elements in response to disasters. So¡ this study was arranged and carried out with the aim of measuring preparedness of hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in response to disasters.
Material and This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in four hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A satisfactorily valid (kappa: 0.8) and reliable checklist was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 17.
The surveyed hospitals with the total score of 67 % were in good condition in response to disasters. The emergency departments (83%)¡ reception (75%)¡ communication (69%)¡ education (70%)¡ supply services (61%)¡ human sources (71%) and command (79%) also acquired good scores. Discharge units (60%)¡ traffic (55%) and security (53%) were in moderate condition in preparedness. In necessary fields for response to disasters¡ the whole research units acquired 67% which showed good condition in this field.
The surveyed hospitals were in prepared and suitable condition in the emergency departments¡ reception¡ communication¡ education¡ human sources and command. In order to improve and enhance the preparedness¡ a schedule plan should be programmed for some elements such as discharge¡ transfer¡ traffic¡ security and six-crucial elements of the field.

Assessment of the internal environment involves evaluating the situation of an organization¡ its performance measurement¡ identifying the problems and its potentials. If this evaluation is performed appropriately¡ then the organization can have access to an accurate and complete image of the existing situation which will assist the organization in providing a proper prospect and plan an effective and efficient strategy.
The purpose of this research was analyzing the internal environment¡ identifying the weaknesses and the strengths of the organization.
Material and This was a cross sectional and descriptive study which was carried out as a survey. The sample size of this survey was formed by 260 employees holding a bachelor’s degree or higher. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires among the members of the sample group. The different components of Weisbord model included setting goals¡ structure¡ leadership¡ communications¡ reward¡ useful mechanism (co-ordination)¡ and the attitude towards change. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and statistical tests.
The findings of this study showed that the components of goal setting and communications have a lot of strong points at both Shohada and Razi Hospitals. Regarding the components of leadership¡ structure¡ and the attitude towards change¡ more attention is needed by the managers of these hospitals. The reward component is actually one of the weak points in both centers. Useful mechanism component is the weak point of Razi hospital.
Considering the findings of this survey¡ both Shohada and Razi hospitals are in a desirable and positive condition in all of the components except for the component of reward. Hence¡ conducting periodical surveys for a better understanding of the organization¡ making right decisions and promoting the efficiency of the employees are recommended.

Folic acid is a B vitamin which 5mg daily intake before gestation and until the tenth week of pregnancy is recommended. Since no study has been conducted in some regions of East Azerbaijan including Bostanabad¡ Khosroshahr and Sarab and no prevalence was spotted in country specific studies¡ therefore¡ the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between folic acid intake and infant birth weight.
Material and This study was a retrospective cohort. In this study¡ 1939 of pregnant women who were referred to health care centers before pregnancy were selected randomly. They were divided into two groups: first group of pregnant women who regularly took folic acid before pregnancy and second group included the women who did not take folic acid supplements. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using T-Test and ANOVA.
This study was conducted on 1939 mothers who had an average age of 25.98 years and average infants birth weight was 3.209 kg. Totally¡ 92.9% of the mothers had regular consumption of folic acid during pregnancy. Analysis of the results showed that with increasing maternal BMI¡ birth weight also increased. It showed a significant relationship between regular folic acid intake and increase in infant birth weight.
Our results showed that both high maternal pre-pregnancy weight and folic acid intake lead to higher birth weight infants.

Folic acid is a B vitamin which 5mg daily intake before gestation and until the tenth week of pregnancy is recommended. Since no study has been conducted in some regions of East Azerbaijan including Bostanabad¡ Khosroshahr and Sarab and no prevalence was spotted in country specific studies¡ therefore¡ the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between folic acid intake and infant birth weight.
Material and This study was a retrospective cohort. In this study¡ 1939 of pregnant women who were referred to health care centers before pregnancy were selected randomly. They were divided into two groups: first group of pregnant women who regularly took folic acid before pregnancy and second group included the women who did not take folic acid supplements. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 using T-Test and ANOVA.
This study was conducted on 1939 mothers who had an average age of 25.98 years and average infants birth weight was 3.209 kg. Totally¡ 92.9% of the mothers had regular consumption of folic acid during pregnancy. Analysis of the results showed that with increasing maternal BMI¡ birth weight also increased. It showed a significant relationship between regular folic acid intake and increase in infant birth weight.
Our results showed that both high maternal pre-pregnancy weight and folic acid intake lead to higher birth weight infants.

Hand hygiene is considered the most effective measure to prevent and control hospital infections. This study aimed to determine the level of hand hygiene compliance and to compare the level of hand hygiene compliance after implementation of educational interventions in Taleghani hospital in Tabriz.
Material and A cross-sectional survey design was used in the total of six wards in the hospital. The study sample included different professional groups. The sample size with 95% confidence coefficient and accounting for 10% loss of the samples was calculated 25 people for each group. In total¡ 300 people (150 for before and 150 for after phase of interventions) by non-probability convenience sampling were selected. The observers noted the number of potential opportunities for hand hygiene and the number of occasions on which hand hygiene was actually taken. Data collection took place over six months during the period of September 2014 to March 2015. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and McNemar test using SPSS 17 Software.
We observed 1465 opportunities for hand hygiene before interventions and 1457 opportunities after interventions. The overall compliance improved progressively from 42.8% to 57.3% (p In this study¡ educational interventions significantly improved adherence to the hand hygiene protocol. Although some interventions to improve compliance have been successful¡ none had achieved lasting improvement. Therefore¡ the necessity of continuous audits and feedback to personnel is recommended.

Holy Quran is the greatest gift of God to mankind and is the most precious legacy of So¡ in order to govern a society guided by Quran and the teachings of Quran by life style based on it¡ it is necessary that academic community pays attention to Quran education on their pattern.
Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate Quran literacy of the academic community. This study is intended to provide information to the student community planning principles for designing and implementing Quran based activities.
Material and This study was a descriptive survey. A researcher-made questionnaire with content validation was used to collect data. The population consisted of 840 students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Descriptive statistics by SPSSS 11 software was used for data analysis.
Analysis of the findings indicated that 37.2% of the participants were male and 62.8% were females. Thirty percent were non-native students and 69.6% of them were natives. More than 80% of the participants had Quran literacy. The results showed no significant relationship between academic major (p>%94)¡ gender( p>%07 ) and familiarity with Quran and being native or non-native( p>%79) Individuals who had Tajvid voice and tone literacy with 35.5%¡ common meanings and interpretations with 23.1%¡ translation with 12.9%¡ sound and tone with 13.4% and Tajvid with 1.5%¡ respectively. Determinants affecting on Quran literacy includes father’s job¡ school education¡ high interest in Quran education and family members’ familiarity with Quran. The most frequent obstacle include: educational priorities¡ lack of time¡ apathy and no interest in Quran.
Since Quran is for everyone and Quran activities are distributed among different academic majors¡ no significant relationship was found between gender (p>%07)¡ academic major (p>%94) and being native or non-native (p>%79). As a result¡ paying attention to Quran verses requires specific planning and different educational methods can be applied such as voice¡ tone¡ interpretation. Furthermore¡ using teachers and experts provide better conditions to accomplish it.
Implication for health policy / research and medical education: Helping promote Quran literacy of medical universities’ students in order to introduce further reference to the Islamic lifestyle¡ through¡ programming in accordance with scientific and cultural needs and characteristics of the students.

Today¡ scientific development pervades all aspects of development of societies and we can certainly say that science production and scientific information are the foundation of development in all of the forms¡ including social¡ economic and cultural development. In order to development of science¡ scientific collaboration between individuals¡ research organizations and different countries has considerably increased. Scientific collaboration can be considered as a reflection of the scientific community activities and approaches. One significant aspect of scientific collaboration is co-authorship.
Since researches in the new era face many challenges and demand great range of knowledge and information¡ in order to perform comprehensive researches¡ scientific collaboration has become inevitable. In this regard¡ studying co-authorship and scientific outputs of different scientific fields has become necessary. By doing research in areas such as network analysis¡ network mapping¡ clustering and challenges related to scientific collaboration¡ beneficial approaches should be identified to increase such collaboration and the modality of scientific collaboration between countries¡ institutions and experts in various fields can be presented.