Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Apr 2016

Our aim was to determine the possible differences in the maternal immune system by comparing white blood cells (WBCs) count with the sub-parameters in pregnant women with high-risk and no-risk for seconder trimester screening.
The results of complete blood count (CBC) and second trimester screening (STS) tests made between January 2011 and September 2015 of women meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. All test results of pregnant women with high-risk for trisomy 21 (n = 55), neural tube defect (NTD) (n = 45) and with no-risk (n = 55) were compared. Trisomy 18 could not be evaluated due to limited number of cases.
The monocyte count (P The interaction of maternal immune system with the abnormal fetus may change the compositions of peripheral blood WBC and sub-parameters. Some of these changes may increase the predictive sensitivity of STS test. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

One of the concerns of health officials is noise pollution and in the realm of health, the problems of sterility and infertility resulting from noise pollution greatly attract the interest of experts nowadays. Noise is one of the harmful environmental factors and one of the most cacophonous of the unavoidable phenomena at home and workplace. Considering Bushehr is one of the cities with high infertility rates, we decided to study labor and industrial environments.
Two groups of men volunteer workers, 27 members in each, who were constantly exposed to noisy 107- or 119-decibel environments, were studied together with one group of 27 workers living in quiet environments serving as the control. These people were referred to the Omid Khalij Fars Infertility Center in Bushehr where blood samples were taken and tested for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyroid hormones T3, T4, and Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and semen samples were taken and sent to the specialized laboratory of the Center.
Statistical studies showed that noise stress in the 119-decibel group significantly reduced the concentrations of the testosterone, prolactin, LH, and FSH hormones and of the thyroid hormones T3, T4, and TSH, and significantly increased the concentrations of the ACTH and cortisol hormones, compared to the control group. Moreover, semen analysis indicated major changes in semen parameters, especially under 119-decibel.
Noise causes changes in hormones involved in the physiological process of fertility and in semen analysis parameters and, hence, has harmful effects on fertility.

Cardiovascular diseases especially coronary artery disease (CAD) is still the major cause of mortality in the world. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is considered one of the most effective treatment methods for CAD. One of the essential cares after open heart surgery is extubation of patients. So the present study was performed with the aim of comparative research about duration of intubation in CABGs with on-pump (with cardiopulmonary bypass machine) and off-pump (without cardiopulmonary bypass machine) in 2014.
This study was a descriptive correlative investigation. Sampling among available samples and in the random form was done on 100 patients of CABG surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass in Madani Heart hospital, Tabriz, Iran in 2014. Data collection tool was a two- part questionnaire that included all demographic information and effective factors during intubation. These questionnaires were completed by a researcher beside the observation and written consent information contained in the patients’ records. Data recording was analysed using SPSS software
This study showed a significant difference (P This study showed that openness of the sternum and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass machine are crucial factors for increasing of duration of intubation of patients undergoing CABG surgery. So this group of patients was under mechanical ventilation longer than the others.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium sulfate on sperm characteristics in unilateral varicocele-induced male Wistar rats.
Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups. The control group (1) received no medications and surgery. The Sham group (2) had not received any medications; abdominal cavity was opened but no varicocele was induced. Varicocele group (3): abdominal cavity was opened, varicocele-induced and no medications were applied. In group 4 abdominal cavity was opened, varicocele-induced and animal received magnesium sulfate (25 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. The groups 5 and 6 were similar to group 4, except animals received 50 and 100 mg/kg of magnesium sulfate, respectively. At the end of the weeks 3 and 6, the abdomen was opened, semen samples were collected from the Caudal epididymis to determine epididymis weight, sperm mortality, mobility and sperm count.
According to the results, experimental unilateral varicocele significantly diminished sperm mortality, mobility and sperm count compared to control and sham group (P According to the results, it seems, magnesium sulfate might improve sperm characteristics during varicocele.

Coma stimulation has been a method that is proposed to improve the results of the coma. In this way, planned and purposeful, the stimulation of a sensory system is multidimensional. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the auditory stimulation by family voices and recitation of prayers on hemodynamic changes of comatose patients.
This study was a clinical trial. Fifty-one brain injury traumatized patients (including 18 patients in the familiar voice group, 18 patients in recitation of prayer group and 15 patients in the control group) were divided into experimental and control groups. The first group was tested for 14 days, twice a day and received family voices through headphones at noon and evening prayer time. The second group was tested under similar condition and received the Azan sound. Immediately hemodynamic changes before and after each intervention were recorded. The average duration of voice in the two groups was 4 minutes. The control group received no intervention and hemodynamic status was recorded twice a day at noon and evening prayer time. The data was analyzed by using SPSS and chi-square test, ANOVA and repeated measures.
The age range was 14 to 68 years. Azan group had the highest average age (41.2 ± 18.5 years). The highest initial consciousness level was in the control group (7.6 ± 3.5). Azan group before the intervention had the longest duration of coma (8 ± 4.7 days).The experimental group showed a significant correlation with the number of days and in some variables to the baseline, but did not show the uniformity trend in hemodynamics variables. Followed by post hoc test there was a significant increase in levels of hemodynamic parameters’ (systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean arterial pressure and breathing), especially after the Azan sound.
Auditory stimulation by family voices and recitation of prayers or Azan sound cannot increase or decrease the uniform trend in hemodynamics variables in comatose patients.

Hydatidosis can be counted among the most important zoonotic diseases in the world. Echinococcosis is an endemic disease especially in Turkey; however, hydatid disease of the lung is rare and usually results from Echinococcus granulosus.
A 12-year-old boy was admitted in the hospital with a history of cough and hemoptysis for one year. Bronchoscopy showed endobronchial lesion and the diagnosis of hydatid disease was confirmed by pathological examination.
In spite of being one of the less common causes of hemoptysis, hydatid disease of the lung requires greater attention in countries such as Turkey, where hydatid cyst disease can be seen so common.

Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most prevalent cause of acute abdomen. Luminal obstruction caused by faecoliths play a role in the pathophysiology of most cases of appendicitis. Many other materials can cause obstruction of the appendiceal lumen including swallowed foreign objects. However, most of the time they pass through the gastrointestinal tract spontaneously without causing any complication, and they very rarely obstruct appendiceal lumen leading to AA.
A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with complaint of right lower quadrant pain lasting for 12 hours. She was also complaining of subfebrile fever, anorexia, and nausea. On physical examination rebound tenderness on the right lower abdominal quadrant was felt, but any mass lesion could not be palpated. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination findings were consistent with the diagnosis of AA. Transumbilical single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (TUSPLA) was performed. Herein, a clinical case of AA due to solitary hair fibre in the lumen of appendix is reported.
Timely diagnosis of tricholuminal appendicitis which can present itself with very diverse clinical manifestations especially during childhood has utmost importance in the prevention of potential complications.