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Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences - Volume:4 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/05/31
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Parisa Zhoolideh, Fariba Ghaderi, Zahra Salahzadeh Pages 153-159
    Objective
    Pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) include a wide variety of diseases. According to biomechanical theories, it can be suspected that there are relations between posture and PFDs. This review tries to find out if there are any postural, bony or muscular changes in patients with PFDs.
    Materials And Methods
    Relevant key words were used to search in different databases such as Medline, Cochrane, Elsevier and CINHAL. We found 22 related articles about postural change in patients with PFDs.
    Results
    The results showed increased thoracic kyphosis, decreased lumbar lordosis, wider transverse pelvic inlet and outlet, increased contraction of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) with ankle in dorsiflexion, increasing protrusion in shoulders and decreasing in the angle of head in patients with PFDs compared to control group in different researches with different methodologies.
    Conclusion
    From this narrative review, it can be concluded that postural changes may be seen more often in women with PFDs so it should be considered in conservative treatment methods in these patients.
    Keywords: Pelvic floor disorders, Posture, Ankle, Pelvic, Spine
  • Pegah Mansoori, Parviz Farzadinia, Mehrdad Shariati, Afashar Bargahi Pages 160-166
    Objectives
    Due to industrial development and mechanization of societies, air pollution has devastatingly affected people"s lives which have become a very significant issue for researchers. Given that oil and gas production and surface facilities have made Assaluyeh to be one of the world"s most polluted areas, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of air micro-dust in Assaluyeh on histological changes in the liver, kidney and liver enzymes.
    Materials And Methods
    Twenty-one adult female rats were divided in to 3 groups of control, negative control (exposed to micro-dust of a clean area free of oil contaminants) and treatment (exposed to the micro-dust contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons in Assaluyeh). All animals had synchronized reproductive cycles. After 21 days of treatment, histological changes in liver and kidney, as well as serum levels of hepatic enzymes of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were examined and measured. The serum levels of heavy metals of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury were measured using atomic absorption.
    Results
    The levels of heavy metals of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in animals in the treatment group were significantly increased compared to the negative control group and the control group (P≤0.05). Serum levels of liver enzymes in the treatment group were not significantly different from the control group. No cell death was observed in the tissue sections. Cell irregularities were observed in the tissue sections of the treatment groups.
    Conclusion
    Micro-dust of Assaluyeh air did not show high toxicity on liver and kidney tissues.
    Keywords: Dust, Liver, Kidney, Liver enzymes, Assaluyeh
  • Milad Azami, Mohammad Hossein Yekta Kooshali, Ramak Qavam, Mohammad Reza Hafezi Ahmadi, Samiramis Qavam Pages 167-172
    Objective
    Valvular heart diseases have gained importance in the field of cardiovascular medicine in recent years. The prevalence of heart valves prolapse has been reported in various studies. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of heart valve prolapsein patients referred to Ilam, Western Province of Iran, an outpatient heart clinic in 2013-2014.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, samples were randomly chosen from patients referred to Ilam outpatient heart clinic. Data were gathered using questionnaire, physical examination, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS-17 software.
    Results
    The study was conducted using 600 participants with mean age of 44.16 ± 15.34. 233 men with body mass index (BMI) of 25.23 ± 3.94 and 367 women with BMI of 27.32 ± 5.14 participated in this study. The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in Ilam was 4.5% and women"s share was more. MVP was mostly observed in patients aged 20 to 30 (12.5%). There was a significant relationship between this disorder and patent foramen ovale (PFO) (P = 0.001), redundant interatrial septum (P = 0.001), weight (P = 0.001), height (P = 0.001), BMI (P = 0.001), family history of MVP (P = 0.009), and the prevalence of tricuspid valve prolapse (TVP) and aortic valve prolapse (AVP) was 16%, often observed in 50 to 60-year-old women.
    Conclusion
    Prevalence of heart valves prolapse in this study was similar to the studies in other countries and is more common in women. Due to a preventing program, early diagnosis and screening are recommended.
    Keywords: Prevalence, Heart valve prolapse, MVP, TVP, AVP
  • Maryam Sahebari, Zeid Zerehsaz, Aida Javanbakht, Zahra Mirfeizi Pages 173-176
    Background
    Uveitis is one of the important manifestations of Behcet disease (BD). High sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an acute phase reactant, which may increase in BD. There are controversies in different studies regarding the relation between hs-CRP and uveitis in BD. This study aimed to determine serum values of hs-CRP and its relationship with uveitis in BD.
    Methods
    A total of 94 patients, divided into 3 groups (Behcet"s uveitis (n = 31), Behcet"s without uveitis (n = 37) and idiopathic uveitis (n = 26), participated in the study. Serum levels of hs-CRP were compared among those groups.
    Result
    The mean serum hs-CRP level was 6.49 ± 3.27 mg/L (BD with uveitis), 6.41 ± 3.85 mg/L (BD without uveitis) and 6.97±3.9 mg/L (idiopathic uveitis. Tukey test was done among groups and there were no significant differences between them (P = 0.69).
    Conclusion
    Our results revealed no significant difference among the 3 groups regarding the mean serum hs-CRP level. However, further studies are warranted in this regard.
    Keywords: Behcet syndrome, High sensitive C-reactive protein, hs-CRP, Uveitis, Idiopathic uveitis
  • Saeedeh Shojaee, Amir Hossien Rahbari, Hossien Keshavarz Pages 177-179
    Objective
    Toxoplasma gondii is one of the obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution. Diagnosis of acute infection is of importance in pregnancy due to congenital infection and its sequels. One of the tools for distinguishing acute from chronic infection is avidity ELISA method. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between IgG and IgM antibodies and the of avidity index (AI).
    Materials And Methods
    A total of 100 serum samples were collected from different laboratories, with detectable anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. Avidity IgG ELISA method was performed and AI was calculated.
    Results
    In the present study no relation between IgG concentration and the mean of AI was observed. The relation between the means of AI and concentrations of IgM antibody in 98% of acute sera was reverse.
    Conclusion
    Irrespective to titers of IgG and IgM antibodies, IgG avidity ELISA test could distinguish acute from chronic phase of T. gondii infection.
    Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, IgG, IgM, Avidity
  • Hossein Ebrahimi, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Hossein Namdar Arshatnab, Zeinab Ghasemian Khojasteh Pages 180-185
    Objective
    Group discussion can enhance the knowledge and capabilities of the nurses in clinical judgments, however, its impact on the attitude toward respecting the patients" rights by nurses has been less focused. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of group discussion on nurses" attitude toward respecting the rights of patients in Shahid Madani hospital, Tabriz in 2014.
    Materials And Methods
    This experimental study with a pretest and posttest design and a control group was conducted on nurses. The research sample consisted of 142 working nurses who had a negative attitude score of less than 88 toward patients" rights. They were selected through the random sampling method and were assigned to 2 groups of experimental and control. A 2-partite questionnaire was used to collect data which included demographic data and observance of physical, psychological, and social rights of patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
    Results
    According to the results, no significant demographic difference existed between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). However, the analysis of covariance showed a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in the score which was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (P
    Conclusion
    The results showed that group discussion can enhance observance of patients" rights by nurses. Therefore, it is recommended to use group discussion as an appropriate method in hospitals in order to change the attitude of nurses and to increase attention to patients" rights.
    Keywords: Patients rights, Group discussion, Attitude, Intervention
  • Roshanak Bayatmakoo, Nadereh Rashtchizadeh, Parichehreh Yaghmaei, Mehdi Farhoudi, Pouran Karimi Pages 186-193
    Objective
    Atherosclerosis sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders that are generally along with hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress. Various surveys have shown that thymol is a polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of thymol on carotid tissue of hypercholesterolemic rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 members each (n = 10): a control group with a normal diet (ND), a group with a high-cholesterol (2%) diet (HD), a group with a high-cholesterol diet combined with thymol (24 mg/kg HD T), and a group with a thymol diet (T). After preparing serum from peripheral blood of rats, lipid measurements were obtained, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), by using a colorimetric method; the levels of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) were obtained through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant enzymes, as well as the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were determined with the use of colorimetric methods. The protein expressions of Bcl2 and cleaved caspase 3 and the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in rat carotid tissue were determined by an immunoblotting method.
    Results
    The rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks increased TC and OxLDL in HD group compared with the ND group (P
    Conclusion
    The results of this study indicate that thymol significantly decreases the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in carotid tissue. However, this decrease is probably not mediated by an effect on lipid metabolism because thymol decreases the total level of cholesterol but has no significant effect on the LDL-C level as the atherogenic index. In addition, thymol possibly exerts an antioxidant effect without the direct involvement of antioxidant enzymes.
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Bcl2 protein, Cholesterol, Cleaved caspase 3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
  • Seyyed Mostafa Ghavami, Gholam Hossein Farjah, Hamed Shoorei, Mohammad Amin Dolatkhah Pages 194-199
    Objective(s)
    The physical properties of nerve guidance channel and components of the regenerating microenvironment can significantly enhance regeneration. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of embryo cerebrospinal fluid (ECSF) in nerve regeneration across the microwave irradiated collagen nerve guides in comparison with autograft.
    Material and
    Methods
    Under general anesthesia, the left sciatic nerve was exposed and 10 mm nerve segment defect was created in 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g). Animals were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups: repair with reversed autograft, reconstruction with collagen nerve conduit filled with ECSF, reconstruction with collagen nerve conduit filled with normal saline (NS) and sham surgery. All animals were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI), electrophysiology, and histopathological staining at weeks 4 and 12 after surgery.
    Results
    The mean SFI value of group collagen ECSF and autograft was significantly higher than that of group NS on days 49 and 60 post-operation (P
    Conclusion
    These findings showed that chick CSF in collagen guide can enhance nerve regeneration and promote functional recovery in the injured sciatic nerve of rats.
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid, Sciatic nerve, Collagen, Nerve injury, Microwave
  • Leila Alizadeh Ghavidel, Farideh Mousavi, Masood Bagheri, Saba Asghari Pages 200-204
    Objective
    In the present research, the clinical course of pediatric uveitis was studied by examining the demographic characteristics of afflicted children, the results of clinical examinations, and uveitis complications.
    Materials And Methods
    The present research was a retrospective study in which the medical records of 243 children who had been visited and diagnosed as uveitis in the uveitis clinic of Nikookari Eye hospital of Tabriz in 2003-2015, were reviewed. The data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and mean comparison tests in IBM-SPSS 23 and the significance level of P
    Results
    According to the results, 73 (30%), 146 (60.1%), 12 (4.9%), and 12 (4.9%) eyes diagnosed with uveitis had anterior, intermediate, posterior, and panuveitis type, respectively. In addition, 73 cases of uveitis (30%) were acute and 170 cases (70%) were chronic. Based on the LogMAR chart, the mean visual acuity before and after treatment was 0.39 and 0.15 for the right eye and 0.4 and 0.09 for the left eye, which suggests a significant difference. The most common complications observed in this study were macular edema (32.5%) and cataract (22.6%).
    Conclusion
    This study indicates that intermediate uveitis is the most common type of pediatric uveitis, while anterior uveitis is the second. Posterior and panuveitis are less common in our study. The prevalence of chronic uveitis is significantly high in pediatric group which could justify the higher rate of complications in this age group.
    Keywords: Uveitis, pediatric, Iran
  • Fatemeh Moghaddam, Saiideh Norouzi, Masoud Norouzi, Ali Norouzi, Zahra Neisary Pages 205-210
    Objective
    Lifestyle improvement has a key role in empowering people and facilitating their duties. Most of the students who live in the dormitories, are apparently not locals and their lifestyle improvement is even more essential to increase their efficiency and productivity. The aim of this study is to assess health-promoting lifestyle of medical sciences students who live in dormitory with respect to different aspects such as nutritional status, stress management, physical activity, health responsibility, social support and perception of life. Moreover the results are provided separately for male and female students and compared with each other.
    Materials And Method
    In this paper, an analytical descriptive study was conducted with 220 students who live in dormitory and random stratified sampling was used. Data collection was based on a standard health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire. The minimum lifestyle score was 52 and the maximum score was 208. The validity of the Persian version of health-promoting lifestyle has been done by Mohammadi Zeidi et al. Cronbach alpha of 0.85 were obtained for all of the questionnaires and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics®.
    Results
    Average scores of the male and female students" lifestyle were moderate (122.63 ± 25.18). The lowest score was related to the physical activity of female students (16.71 ± 4.47) and the highest score was for the social support between male students (23.71 ± 4.09). Independent t test showed that the difference between the means of nutrition and health responsibility for male and female students were significant (P = 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a relationship between all aspects of lifestyle (P = 0.01). It is investigated that there is relationship between gender and physical activity by doing a regression.
    Conclusion
    Considering the fact that the students had an average score of health promoting lifestyle, paying attention to the health education and the behaviors related to the health promotion of this population is more essential and cost-effective.
    Keywords: Promoting healthy lifestyle, dormitory students, Nutrition, Stress, Physical, Health, Social Support, Perception of Life
  • Sousan Valizadeh, Mohammadbagher Hosseini, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Kayvan Mirnia, Farinaz Saeidi, Mahnaz Jabraeeli Pages 211-216
    Objectives
    Growth and development of preterm infants may be negatively affected by constant bright light in neonatal intensive care units ( NICUs ). It may also contribute to sleep pattern disorders commonly seen in in this group of infants. Reducing exposure to light by covering the incubators is recommended by guidelines of the Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP).
    Materials And Methods
    This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 60 preterm infants with gestational age of 28-32 weeks admitted at NICU of Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Preterm infants were divided randomly in 2 groups: In the first group (intervention), incubators were covered with a thick cover and the face was covered with a cloth (face cover). In the second group (observation), incubators were covered with a thick cover but the face was not covered. We darkened the environment of NICU by closing the curtain and turning off additional florescent lights from 19:30 pm till 7:30 am in both groups, then we compared sleep pattern in 2 groups of infants by using sleep diagram.
    Results
    In the intervention group (face cover), the mean frequency of sleep during the 6 days increased by 2.96 times/observations and the mean amount of sleep increased by 59 minutes.
    Conclusion
    This study showed that light reduction with incubator covers and eye shield, increases the frequency and sleep duration in premature infants.
    Keywords: Preterm Infant, Sleep, Light reduction, Face cover
  • Soheila Aleyasin, Reza Amin, Mohammadmehdi Araghi, Maryam Khosrozadeh Pages 217-218
    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the chronic autoimmune diseases affecting the internal organs. Most studies of childhood lupus showed respiratory manifestations in 30% to 50% of cases. Bronchiectasis involves the lung rarely in SLE, specially in children. In a cross-sectional study on 60 Norwegian adults of childhood-onset SLE, only 1 patient (
    Keywords: SLE, Bronchiectasis, Young patients, HRCT scan