Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Apr 2017

Numerous meta-analyses have been shown that the nephrotic syndrome is one of the most important reasons of renal failure in children that is monies-taking for health organizations around the world. Because of the global and strategic importance of this issue we intend to investigate the different aspects of nephrotic syndrome to propose our suggestions with a multi-dimensional perspective. Present narrative review is based on scrutinizing the contents of relevant papers searched in PudMed search engine. The correlation of nephrotic syndrome with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and involving enzymes, in particular angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), has been investigated in different populations. Nephrotic syndrome in children is usually in two types of minimal change and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), but more of minimal change. ACE gene has 2 polymorphic alleles of deletion (D) and insertion (I). DD genotype is associated with higher production of angiotensin-II. So it seems that persons with DD genotype are more at risk of renal diseases. Through identifying and screening the involving genetic diversities we can take the prophylactic actions. It seems that early starting of steroid therapy can prevent symptoms of the disease. As well, early starting of supplement administration of vitamin A and E could be a less harmful preemptive measure. Further researches on gene therapy methods is recommended.

To compare the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies for improvement of state-trait anxiety among Iranian infertile women with sexual dysfunctions (SDs).
Material and In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 105 women with infertility suffering from SDs were randomly assigned to participate in a 2-hour group weekly session of psychosexual therapy (PST) (n = 35), took a tablet of bupropion ER 150 mg/d (BUP ER) (n = 35), or control (n = 35) for 8 weeks during 2014–2015. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were completed before and after of the study.
State and trait anxiety levels had mean values of 47.80 ± 10.93 and 48.78 ± 11.34, respectively. Mean values of state and trait anxiety levels observed at baseline significantly decreased toward the end of the study in each of the treatment groups (PST, P PST compared to bupropion ER treatment was found to be a more favorable strategy for improvement of state and trait anxiety symptoms.

Endurance training exercises improve function state of cardiac in long-term. The aim of this study was evaluation of cardiac indices include stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in strength exercise.
Twenty boys with fourth and fifth grader after the manager’s allowance and parent’s consent was selected (10 patients as the case and 10 as the control groups), with average age, height and weight of 10.8 ± 6 years, 149 cm and 36 ± 8 kg, respectively. Perseverant exercises, structural (Left ventricle end-diastolic diameter [LVEDd], left ventricular posterior wall end diastole [LVPWd], left ventricular end-diastolic volume [LVEDV], left ventricular mass [LV mass]) and functional include LVEF, left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO), left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) parameters. Height, weight, age, exercise intensity, healthy status, history of sports and body composition were recorded.
Results indicated there was no significant difference between the case and control groups who had increased their SV index by 5.3% and 1.37%, respectively. The CO index was increase by 7.29 in case and a decrease by 6.9 in the control groups (P > 0.05). LVEF has no significant difference between groups. LVPWd showed an increase by 2.14 and 2.17 in the case and control groups, respectively (P > 0.05). Neither LVEDd nor LV mass did not show any significant difference in the control group, with a decrease by 2.26 and 0.31, respectively. Meanwhile the case group demonstrated a significant difference in the latter indices, with an increase by 6.78 (P A course of perseverant exercises in children can effect on LVEDV, LV mass and LVEDd, but no change on LVEDV.

Probable early infection is one of the most important reasons to begin antibiotics treatment for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. In most of the cases, antibiotics treatment continues as long as the venous line persist. Long-term empirical antibiotics therapy for premature infants (5 days) create even more danger than the infection itself, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and death. In order to reduce the risks of these dangers, antimicrobial therapy must stop in clinical conditions in which the possibility of infection is low. This study makes an effort to evaluate the impact of empirical antibiotic treatment duration on early prognosis of premature infants with VLBW.
A total of 209 premature infants with birth weight less than 1500 g who were suspicious of having infection, were evaluated in 2 groups of control (107 infants) and intervention (102 infants). All of the infants evaluated for sepsis according to the protocol of the unit. In the control group, antibiotics treatment continued as long as the venous line persist, in the intervention group after day 3 to 5 if the results of blood culture were negative, the infants were checked for C-reactive protein (CRP), and if it was negative too and the patient’s clinical status was good, antibiotic treatment was stopped. The outcome measures were short-term prognosis of with VLBW newborns.
The mean gestational age of the studied patients was 30.21 ± 2.69 and 29.57 ± 2.09 g in the control and intervention groups, respectively (P = 0.07). The average days of receiving antibiotics in the control group were 29.21 ± 1.57 while in the intervention group it was 8.11 ± 2.16 (P 0.05).
Early discontinuing of antibiotics (5 days or less) had no impact on the mortality rate of VLBW infants and seemed it was safe.

The increases application of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) equipments in last decades led to some diseases. Therefore, many studies focused in this issue mainly on critical organs like central nervous system and reproductive function. In the meantime, female infertility by EMFs is one of the most important challenges in current studies.
Thirty rats were selected randomly and divided into 3 groups (n = 10). Group 1 received 50 Hz EMFs for 8 weeks (3 weeks via intrauterine 5 weeks after births). Group 2 received 50 Hz EMFs for 13 weeks (3 weeks via intrauterine 10 weeks after birth). Group 3 was considered as a control in the normal condition. After this period, evaluation apoptosis in ovarian follicles were analyzed by TUNEL method.
The results of this study show a significantly increased of apoptotic cell members in experimental groups. Degenerative and pathologic changes were found in ovarian tissue and follicles besides which indicates increase the number of apoptotic cells in experimental groups. As well as, this study has shown that oocyte nucleus was smaller and deformed and apoptotic vacuoles increased in granulose cell.
According to the results, we observed that EMFs can changes oogenesis cycle through destructive impacts on ovary structure and function. Of course, this problem depends on frequency and duration of exposure to these waves.

The balloon angioplasty is a controversial procedure for the treatment of coarctation of the aorta (COA). This study determines the results of balloon angioplasty of native COA in infants.
Twenty-five subjects had undergone balloon angioplasty under drug-induced sedation using the retrograde technique through the femoral artery. In all the cases a Tyshak Mini balloon had been used. The patients had all been followed by thoracic echocardiography. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.
Twenty-five patients under 2 years of age with native COA, had undergone balloon angioplasty.The median age and weight of the subjects were 55 (12-700) days and 4860 ± 192 g respectively. Mean stenotic site diameter was 2.31± 0.58 mm before procedure and 5.41 ± 1.09 mm after procedure (P Based on the results of this study and reviewed studies, balloon angioplasty might be an alternative procedure in infants with native COA. However timely diagnosis and improvement in angioplasty techniques are necessary to improve the outcome

Improving the quality of life in any patients suffering from cancer is regarded as the main goal of their treatment. In the present study, the effect of honey and cinnamon mixture on the quality of life in patients with breast cancer was investigated.
The present clinical trial study was performed on 119 women with breast cancer, age range of 20-60, in the pain and palliative care clinic to receive complementary therapy. Initially, the patients’ quality of life was specified using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire. Then, all the patients consumed a mixture of honey and cinnamon powder three times per day for 1 week. At the end of treatment, the patients refilled the questionnaire out again and any improvements in patients ‘quality of life were analyzed by comparing patients’ quality of life before and after intervention. SPSS statistical software was used.
The data provided by 117 patients was analyzed, because of refusing 2 patients to participate in the study. The patients’ mean age was 48.58 ± 7.6 years old. Their average weight and height were 52.81 ± 5.4 kg and 159.09 ± 7.3 cm, respectively. In 84.6% of cases, a surgical intervention was performed. Assessment of patients’ quality of life before and after intervention indicated significant improvements in 23 criteria and, no significant improvements in 7 criteria. Overall health and quality of life improved significantly after treatment.
Using honey and cinnamon mixture for one week can improve most of the criteria addressing the quality of life in women with breast cancer.

Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), characterized by necrotizing retinochoroiditis, scar formation and decreased vision, is recognized as the most prevalent cause of posterior uveitis in Iran. Although pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine combination remains the standard treatment particularly for patients with sight-threatening lesions, intolerance, inaccessibility and adverse drug reactions to this regimen have imposed us to seek for alternative treatments.
In this prospective randomized control clinical trial study, 72 patients with active, non-vision threatening toxoplasmic chorioretinitis were randomly divided into 2 treatment regimen: 36 patients treated with standard protocol with pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine, and 36 patients received azithromycin for 6 weeks. All patients were followed up for 24 months. The clinical outcomes measured before and after intervention were, time to disease inactivity (lesion borders sharpening and scarring), changes in the size of retinochoroidal lesion, rate of recurrence, adverse drug reactions and visual acuity (VA).
No significant difference was noted between the 2 groups regarding age, gender, and VA before treatment. Significant improvement was noted in VA for each group during treatment. VA increased by 0.39 logMAR units in group 1 (P = 0.00) and 0.35 logMAR units in group 2 (P = 0.00). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups concerning visual improvement (P = 0.33) and reduction in retinal lesion size and activity. There were totally 22 cases who experienced recurrences during the follow up period (4 [11.1%] patients of control group and 18 [50%] of intervention group [P = 0.00]), indicating significant lower recurrence in control group. Treatment tolerance was significantly better for the azithromycin group due to lower adverse drug reactions (P = 0.00).
Azithromycin at a dose of 250 mg/d was shown to be effective for the treatment of active, non-vision threatening toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis similar to classic treatment with Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine regimen. However, recurrences and adverse drug reactions seem to differ significantly which notes the need for further studies and also vigilant selection of treatment protocols.

Male infertility has conflicting results in assisted reproductive technology (ART). In this study we aimed to investigate whether male factor infertility affect intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes and pregnancy results in ICSI cycles.
A total of 1118 ICSI cycles from January 2007 through November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively:596 patients that were treated for male factor infertility, and 522 patients for tubal or unexplained infertility were included in the study. It was investigated whether sperm count has any effect on fertilization and implantation rates. Also the results of embryo quality and pregnancy were compared with the groups.
In both groups there was no difference between the numbers of collected oocytes and mature oocytes. Although there was a higher fertilization rate in the control group, no significant difference was spotted between fertilization failure and embryo developmental arrest in groups (P = 0.07 vs P = 0.4, respectively). Between groups, there were no statistically significant differences according to the clinical pregnancy rate per transfer and live birth rates (P = 0.3 vs P = 0.5, respectively). The risk of preterm birth in the infertile male group was significantly higher (P The patients who underwent ICSI due to male factor and tubal-unexplained infertility showed no difference according to fertilization, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. The good quality of sperm retrieved from surgery indicated positive effects on the clinical results.