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Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences - Volume:4 Issue: 3, Jul 2017

Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 3, Jul 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/04/10
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Marzieh Marahem, Haleh Farzin, Majid Seyedghodraty, Bushra Ahmed Hamdi Pages 90-91
    Despite the significant role of environment in human safety, the impact of operating room environment on staff health was considered in the middle of 1990s.1 Operating room staff, particularly women are among high risk groups due to exposure to chemicals, ionizing radiation,2 drugs, pathogens-induced blood infection, needle stick injuries and contact with contaminated secretions, blood and body fluids.3,4 However, one of the occupational hazards is exposure to anesthetic agents.5 Anesthetic gases are the primary source for hospital air contamination.6 These gases are rapidly eliminated from the body due to their low solubility.5 Therefore, there have been reported several neurological toxic, immunosuppressive, reproductive effects, carcinogenic, genetic damage, liver-kidney and respiratory adverse effects.7 Repeated exposure may lead to cellular damage, increases in cell proliferation, hyperplasia and finally tumor development.5 The effects of chronic exposure to anesthetic gases on the medical staff and team"s health and well-being are of prime important. In survey of occupational exposures literature from 2000 to 2016, general information about occupational exposures to anesthetic gases in operating room was collected. The most important finding of the articles reviewed and published concerning the dangers of anesthetic gases in the operating room staff is occupational exposure to anesthetic gases, including genotoxic damage and fetal abortion and abnormalities and liver toxicity in the operating room staff. Genotoxity is associated with waste inhaled anesthetic.8 Significant amount of inhaled anesthetic gases was found in dental surgery clinics, resulting in spontaneous abortion and liver disease.9 Primary studies on N2O toxicity due to exposure with N2O showed reproductive problems, but this concern was not demonstrated.10 The approaches for diminishing of operating room staff exposure-related risks include appropriate guidelines such as lowering their work hours in operating rooms, considering recommended exposure limit for special groups such as pregnant women or those with hepatic dysfunction, providing comprehensive training course, improving ventilation scavenger system, utilizing standard equipment as far as possible and promoting self-awareness.
  • Probably Role of Antioxidants Against EMFs-Induced Effects on Central Nervous System Structures: A Mini Review
    Farzaneh Teimori, Amir Afshin Khaki, Reza Hemmati, Asghar Rajabzadeh Pages 92-98
    Electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) are one of the main environmental pollutants inducing adverse effects on life quality. Waves emitted from industrial and domestic equipments always expose humans to the risk of some diseases. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the structures sensitive to these waves, which could be damaged seriously. Complexity of the neural structure demands more researches based on morphological and histological changes. Important factors involved in EMFs effects on neural function concern the type, frequency, intensity of waves and duration of the exposure. Surely, increased dosage of the electromagnetic waves results in severe consequences on the function of brain neurons. However, antioxidants may prevent chronic injuries via different methods. The critical periods of fetal, childhood, or pregnancy are more susceptible to irreparable risks of electric magnetic waves. There are several strategies to reduce effects of such waves, by using antioxidants, for instance. However, different theories have been presented on their efficiency due to the abundance of antioxidants available in nature. In the present review, we conclude that even low-dosages of EMFs would have negative effects on CNS. According to some previous studies, various dosages of antioxidants have different effects on neural function leading to various theories on this subject.
    Keywords: Electromagnetic fields, Central nervous system, Antioxidants
  • Elham Rahmani, Shahnaz Ahmadi, Niloofar Motamed, Fatemeh Safinejad Pages 99-103
    Objective
    The assessing the effect of letrozole and medroxyprogesterone acetate on women with simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia in reproductive age.
    Material and
    Methods
    Eighty patients of Abolfazle clinic in Bushehr with abnormal uterine bleeding and simple endometrial hyperplasia enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized in 2 groups: group A included 40 patients who received 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate for 10 days in each month during 3 months and group B included 40 patient that received 2.5 mg letrozole for 3 months. Serial transvaginal sonography and estradiol were checked basically and repeated after 3 months of treatment. Main outcome measures were endometrial thickness and estradiol level in serum.
    Result
    In 2 groups A & B, there were no significant differences in the base variables. The level of estradiol in groups A and B before treatment was similar in the 2 groups. Endometrial thickness in groups A and B was not statistically significant. The difference between these 2 groups from the endometrial thickness reduction viewpoint, is not significant (P value = 0.445). The level of decline estradiol in serum in the groups A&B was significant,
    Conclusion
    Letrozole is an acceptable drug for treatment of simple endometrial hyperplasia especially in the patients who did not tolerate medroxyprogesterone.
    Keywords: Letrozole, progesterone, endometrial hyperplasia, estradiol
  • Maryam Nahavandinejad, Leila Asadpour Pages 104-107
    Objective
    Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen with several pathogenic factors including capsular type and the presence of magA and rmpA genes. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency of magA and rmpA genes and mucoviscosity among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae, to determine the virulence of local strains of this bacterium.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, during 2015, a total of 65 capsulated K. pneumoniae were isolated and identified from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Rasht, using microbiological test and CPS gene amplification in polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mucoviscosity of test bacteria measured by string test and the presence of magA and rmpA genes detected in PCR using specific primers.
    Results
    All of 65 isolates of K. pneumoniae recognized as CPS positive in PCR assay. Out of them, 22 (33.48%) strains showed an HV-positive phenotype. The presence of magA gene was confirmed in 2 (3.07%) isolates and 10 (15.38%) isolates were positive for the presence of rmpA gene. Also, 8 of the rmpA-positive and the 2 magA-positive isolates showed hypermucoviscous phenotypes.
    Conclusion
    Presence of virulence genes magA and rmpA and relatively high prevalence of hypermucoviscosity (HV) in local K. pneumoniae strains, clarifies the importance of rapid diagnosis and suitable treatment of infections caused by this bacterium in the prevention of complicated clinical infections.
    Keywords: Klebsiella pnemoniae, magA, rmpA, Virulence factor
  • Seyd-Hosein Abtahi-Evari, Majid Shokoohi, Ali Abbasi, Asghar Rajabzade, Hamed Shoorei, Hosein Kalarestaghi Pages 108-114
    Objective
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is impairing secretion of insulin or resistance to insulin. Herbal medicine plays an important role in the management of DM. We aimed to test antidiabetic effects of Galega officinalis on diabetic rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=7). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were calcified into a diabetic control group (DC), DHEG group (50 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of G. officinalis), DG group (5 mg/kg glibenclamide). After 20 days, rats" blood samples, kidney, liver, and pancreas were kept in -70°C to test blood levels of glucose, insulin, lipid profile, some oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes.
    Results
    The fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in the normal, DHEG, and DG groups were significantly lower than the DC group (P
    Conclusions
    The results of the present study indicated that G. officinalis could be beneficial for the treatment of diabetes through improving tissue sensitivity to insulin and preventing tissue damages.
    Keywords: Diabetes, Streptozotocin, Galega officinalis, Kidney damage, Rat
  • Mohammad Jafar Golalipour, Nafiseh Kaviany, Mohammad Aryaie Pages 115-119
    Objective
    Oral clefting including cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P), are considered as common congenital anomalies, particularly in Asia population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence rate of CL/P according to ethnicity in Northern Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    This cross-sectional, analytic study was carried out on 92 420 live newborns in Golestan province, the Northern Iran, from 2008-2011. The newborns were evaluated for the CL/P and recorded according to ICD10. Gender, ethnicity and parental consanguinity were filled out for each subject. The subjects grouped according to ethnicity into native Fars, Turkmen, and Sistani groups.
    Results
    The rate of oral clefts was determined 0.72 per 1000 live newborns. The incidence rate of CL/P was 0.69 per 1000 in males and 0.75 per 1000 in females. The incidence of CL/P among native Fars, Turkmen and Sistani was 0.96, 0.61, and 0.57 per 1000 live births, respectively.
    Conclusion
    The incidence rate of oral clefting was lower than in our previous study (1.05 per 1000), and it was higher in the native Fars population.
    Keywords: Cleft lip, Cleft palate, Ethnicity, Gender, Iran
  • Seyed Mohsen Razavi, Abbas Majdi Seghinsara, Ali Abedelahi, Ramin Salimnejad, Hamid Tayefi Pages 120-125
    Objective
    Electromagnetic fields (EMF) due to increased oxidative stress impact on body systems including female reproductive system and reduce fertility. The use of antioxidants decreases the amount of damage through the oxidative stress reduction. The present research studies the effect of vitamin E and selenium on oxidative stress factors level resulting from EMF in immature mice ovarian tissue.
    Material and
    Methods
    In this study, 48 immature mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): (1) control, (2) EMF, (3) EMF with Vitamin E, (4) EMF with selenium, (5) EMF with vitamin E and selenium and (6) vitamin E and selenium. Finally, after 2 months the mice were killed by cervical dislocation and the ovaries were removed to evaluate tissue damages and oxidative stress factors including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant (TAC).
    Results
    In mice under EMF, MDA level increased and SOD, GPX and TAC decreased in ovarian tissue (P
    Conclusion
    The results of this study indicated that vitamin E and selenium plus vitamin E significantly reduced oxidative stress in ovarian tissue of the mice exposed to EMF, but prescribing selenium alone had no significant effect.
    Keywords: Electromagnetic field_Oxidative stress_Vitamin E Selenium_Ovary
  • Dawood Aghamohammadi, Solmaz Fakhari, Eissa Bilehjani, Yahya Ataei, Marzie Jafari Pages 126-130
    Objectives
    The totally Implantable Venous Access Ports (TIVAPs) are widely used for chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, blood sampling, infusion or injection. They are suitable for long-term use and improve the patient"s quality of life; however they have some important complications. One of the most common complications is infection. We investigated the port infection rate as well as its risk factors.
    Materials And Methods
    All patients with TIVAP who were admitted to the academic palliative care clinic for heparin flash, Haber needling or care of TIVAP, were enrolled in study. Patients" demographic, sociodemographic data and clinical signs and symptoms were collected by questionnaire and physical exam. Blood culture was performed from port access of patients. The port removed in any case with positive blood culture or other irresolvable problem. The collected data were compared between patients with or without port infection.
    Results
    Out of 116 patients, 95 patients (81.9%) were female and 21 patients (18.1%) were male. The rate of infection was 5.2%. In 11 cases the port was removed during the study period. The total complication rate was 15.5%. There were not any correlations between type of malignancy, patients" level of education, previous chemotherapy and radiation therapy and the length of time of port implantation with port infection rate.
    Conclusions
    The prevalence of the infection and total complication rate was 15.5%. and 5.2% respectively. Infection with Staphylococcus aureus was the most common reason.
    Keywords: Totally implantable venous access port, Chemotherapy, Infection, Complication, Cancer
  • Leila Javadi, Mostafa Ghavami, Manouchehr Khoshbaten, Abdolrasoul Safaiyan, Abolfazl Barzegari, Bahram Pourghassem Gargari Pages 131-138
    Objective
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease linked to insulin resistance and fatty acid synthesis. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD causing multiple lipid metabolism disorders. Supplementing probiotics and prebiotics is a complementary therapy in obesity-related disorders, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on serum lipid profile and insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 84 subjects were divided into 4 groups. The first group received probiotic capsules (B.L and L.A: 2*107 CFU/d) and placebo of prebiotic (maltodextrin powder), the second group received prebiotic as sachet (inulin HP: 10 g/d) and placebo of probiotic (fat- and lactose-free milk capsules), the third group received probiotic and prebiotic, and the fourth group received a placebo of probiotic and prebiotic, for 3 months. Anthropometric characteristics, insulin resistance biomarkers and lipid profile were measured for all patients before and after the intervention. The primary outcome of the study was the Homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level. The remaining variables (i.e., glucose, insulin, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, weight and BMI changes) were considered represent secondary outcomes.
    Results
    Results showed that probiotic consumption was able to decrease BMI and weight in all the intervention groups in comparison to the placebo group. The serum levels of HDL and LDL differed significantly in the probiotic and pro- and prebiotic groups in comparison to the placebo group.
    In addition, there were no statistically significant reduction in TC, glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-IR in the intervention groups in comparison to the placebo group. Based on the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test, there were significant differences in HDL (P = 0.005) and LDL (P = 0.028) serum levels between the groups at the end of the study.
    Conclusion
    Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation may be effective in improving serum lipid profile and insulin resistance markers in patients diagnosed with NAFLD.
    Keywords: Probiotic, Prebiotic, lipid profile, insulin resistance, NAFLD
  • Monireh Kanani, Jafar Soleimani Rad, Nahid Karimian, Alieh Ghasemzadeh, Leila Roshangar Pages 139-143
    Objective
    IZUMO 1 is one of the most important and the most recent known proteins of sperm-oocyte fusion function. The present study aims to investigate the expression of IZUMO1 gene with melatonin injection in in-vitro conditions. Moreover, the sperm-oocyte fusion rate in in vitro fertilization (IVF) condition was examined.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 30 female and 45 male mice were divided into control and experimental groups. To investigate Izomo1 gene expression and sperm motility, 10 μM melatonin was added to the culture medium in the experimental group for 1 hour and to examine the fertilization rate 10 μM melatonin was added to culture medium in the experimental group for 1 hour. Then, sperms of the control and experimental groups were added to the oocyte collected and the fertilization was examined on embryo formation.
    Results
    Examinations showed a significant increase in IZUMO1 gene expression and sperm motility in the experimental group (receiving melatonin) compared to the control group. Counting formed embryos showed that 83% of the oocytes have evolved to the fetus.
    Conclusion
    We conclude that melatonin may be a good alternative for rising oocyte fertilization success by sperm in IVF.
    Keywords: Melatonin, In vitro fertilization, IZUMO1, Gamete fusion, RT-PCR
  • Sirous Safaee, Behzad Yasrebi Pages 144-149
    Objective
    Currently, a large number of studies are under way on the technologies used to prepare fillers and improve composite resins. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physical properties of dental composite resins after incorporation of ceramic nano-fillers.
    Materials And Methods
    In the present study, high-leucite nano-fillers were incorporated into dental composite resins (a mixture of Bis-GMA [70%] and TEGDMA [30%]) at different concentrations. Then the mechanical properties of the resultant composite resins, including tensile and flexural strengths, were evaluated. The tensile and flexural strengths of the samples were measured with the use of a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with t test, using SPSS 20.
    Results
    The results showed that the flexural strength in 10% nano-filler-reinforced composite resin group was significantly higher (56.05 ± 90.75 MPa) than that in the conventional composite resin group (51.4 ± 59.08 MPa) (P
    Conclusion
    Based on the results of the present study, in composite resins containing 10 wt% of nano-fillers, the tensile and flexural strengths increased significantly.
    Keywords: Composite resin, High-leucite, Tensile strength, Flexural strength
  • Hossein Hashemzadeh Farhang Pages 150-152
    Objective
    Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, a widely distributed protozoan parasite, which infects both wild and domesticated animals, as well as humans, chiefly immunocompromised individuals. Since its diagnosis in the 1970s, Cryptosporidium has been attributed an increasingly important role in the neonatal diarrhea syndrome of humans and newborn ruminants. It is very important to diagnose C. parvum disease and isolate C. parvum oocysts for different scientific targets.
    Material and
    Methods
    In the present study different methods for isolation of C. parvum oocysts were examined and a suitable method for preparation and isolation of C. parvum oocysts from infected feces was defined. Based on this method C. parvum infected watery feces were gathered; same size of potassium dichromate added and stored at 4°C. Fecal specimens were washed and filtrated, respectively with 52, 100, 150 screens. Separated and filtered solution was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes.
    Results
    In the present study different methods were examined and evaluated. The defined method of Lorenzo et al, was distinguished as the most suitable method for preparation and isolation of C. parvum oocysts from infected feces.
    Conclusion
    This work describes the successful development of method for the recovery and isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in feces.
    Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Feces, Oocyst