فهرست مطالب

Journal of Air Pollution and Health
Volume:3 Issue: 1, winter 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/12
  • تعداد عناوین: 5
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  • Amirhossein Nikfal, Abbas Ranjbar Saadatabadi, Saviz Sehatkashani Pages 1-8
    Introduction
    In this study, the dust schemes implemented in the model WRF/Chem have been investigated for a severe dust storm as a case study over the Middle East.
    Materials And Methods
    There are three main dust schemes in the model WRF/Chem, which are named GOCART, AFWA, and UoC. All of these dust schemes use the same dust source function, based on a topographical method, which plays a crucial role in the simulation of dust emission from the ground.
    Results
    The results of model for dust distribution are validated by the EUMETSAT MSG dust product, and furthermore the capabilities of the model are investigated by comparing the model output with the measured PM10 concentrations of 3 air pollution monitoring stations. The AFWA dust scheme showed better capability in the simulation of dust behavior considering dust distribution. Although the GOCART dust scheme shows a remarkable coincidence between modeled and measured dust concentration, its results are with a considerable overestimation over the study domain. The UOC dust scheme, except Kerman station, shows a drastic underestimation in dust concentration as well as dust distribution.
    Conclusions
    The results show appropriate estimates of dust distribution and its movement through east. The model WRF/Chem as a state of the art numerical model could be applied in the operational forecast systems for the hazardous
    Keywords: Dust schemes, the model WRF, Chem, the EUMETSAT MSG dust product
  • Balal Oroji, Eisa Solgi, Asghar Sadighzadeh Pages 9-16
    Introduction
    The identification of effective factors in air pollution is necessary to plan for decreasing the impacts. Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in Iran and the world, which is constantly affected by air pollution. The traffic zone is attributed to most crowded places in Tehran with some limitations for vehicles. In this study, samples were taken from the limited traffic zone in Tehran.
    Materials And Methods
    The sampling was done with high volume sampler for a period of 6 -24 h. Preliminary SEM/EDS measurements were performed on some of the samples to get elemental information on individual aerosol particles. The aerosols were collected by fiberglass filters and using a sampling flow of 1.5 m3 / min.
    Results
    The results show that the largest source of atmospheric particles in Tehran is due to the combustion of fuel released by mobile resources such as transportation and also, stationary resources such as industrial and factories as the second source of atmospheric particles production. Also, mineral particles with irregular shape were observed in coarse particle which may be mainly derived from natural sources such as soil dust, resuspension of dust from road, crust and some other anthropogenic activities such as construction and vehicles.
    Conclusions
    These particles morphology and chemical composition, illustrate an abundance of natural elements within the zone. However, some of the elements presented are directly related to human activities, and are interested by the public health and environmental perspectives.
    Keywords: Air pollution, aerosols, morphology, traffic zone, Tehran
  • Zeynab Jamalizadeh, Ali Safari Variani, Ehsan Asivandzadeh, Saeed Ahmadi Pages 17-24
    Introduction
    Exposure to road - traffic noise commonly engenders annoyance, the extent of which is determined by factors not fully understood. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and determinants of road - traffic noise annoyance in taxi drivers in Qazvin.
    Material and
    Methods
    This study was performed on 98 drivers of a selected route in Qazvin (all married). Equivalent noise levels [Leq (dB A)] were measured during day and evening in all streets of the route. According to ISO 9612: 2009, 8 h equivalent noise level [Leq8h (dB A)] were measured. Noise annoyance was estimated using self - reported annoyance scale.
    Results
    Noise annoyance showed strong correlation with noise levels and personal characteristics. The strongest correlation was found between the percentage of highly annoyed drivers and evening noise level (OR = 2.4). Logistic regression model identified increased risk for a high level of noise annoyance with regard to: age (OR = 0.95), smoking habit (OR = 1.9), educational status (OR = 0.026) and driving experience (OR = 2.1).
    Conclusions
    A considerable proportion of taxi drivers are highly annoyed by road - traffic noise, and perceive it to be a significant health risk. Knowledge of health risks of road - traffic noise, are associated with noise annoyance. There is necessity to establish an acceptable level of exposure noise for taxi drivers.
    Keywords: Noise exposure, annoyance, noise dosimetry, taxi drivers
  • Mohadeseh Sadeghi, Zeynab Jomeh Zadeh, Sedigheh Hoseinabadi, Zohreh Fazli Pages 25-30
    Introduction
    Sleep restores the human’s body. Some factors such as stress, noise and vibration can lead to sleep disorder and hormone imbalance. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of exposure simultaneously to noise and vibration on sleep disorders of workers in Kerman Motor manufacturing industry.
    Materials And Methods
    Analytical descriptive research was done on 200 workers by simple random sampling. The control group has been demographically matched up with the sample group. The standards for samples of this research were workers who are nonsmokers; nonusers of caffeine, soporific or tranquilizer; and do not have special diseases. Sampling was done by sound level meter, oscillator, demographical and sleep disorder information questionnaire.
    Results
    The exposure to noise and vibration is more than permitted amount. The control group and sample group, are all healthy people with no records of disease or tranquilizer medicine consumption.
    Conclusions
    The results have shown that the exposure to noise and vibration, affects the quality of workers’ sleep. Therefore, solutions to decrease noise and vibration in factory should be considered.
    Keywords: Noise, vibration, sleep disorder
  • Sara Karami, Abbas Ranjbar, Amirhossein Nikfal, Faezeh Noori, Saviz Sehatkashani Pages 31-48
    Introduction
    Nowadays, air pollution is one of the most important problems, leading to serious financial and human health concerns. On the 15th to 17th days of November, 2016 an intense air pollution episode occurred in Tehran, Iran.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, the meteorological data, pollutant concentration, and the data related to this severe air pollution episode, required to implement the model, besides, a brief account, pertinent to the configuration of atmospheric model WRF and air quality model LASAT is presented and certain meteorological quantity are studied.
    Results
    Statistical analysis indicates in this case study, negative wind speed anomaly and positive mean temperature anomaly related to the average 65 years for Novembers. The minimum visibility, is reported for the two days of November 15 and 16. Atmospheric vertical structure analysis shows the temperature inversion at 950 hPa height on November 14th, 2016, it causes stable atmospheric conditions.
    Conclusions
    Running WRF model, with YSU boundary layer scheme, shows that it can well simulate the atmospheric quantities, however, the 10 m wind speed has more errors among the quantities. In this case study LASAT Model is applied for simulation of different pollutant concentrations. The results indicate the underestimation of model by using the output of WRF as atmospheric model is not dependent on the meteorological data, whereas the reference error is driven either from the parameterization, or from the estimation of pollutants emission related to ground level.
    Keywords: Air pollution, WRF model, YUS scheme, boundary layer, LASAT Model