مجله جامعه شناسی سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 9 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

Today, the concept of soft power influence in international politics. Based on the definitions of soft power, soft power through the production of doctrines, values, special and attractive, value foundation and pillars of government support and, in fact, using the element of charm and persuasion, not reward and threat of force, to influence other governments , currents of thought and the nation's elite. Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the teachings and values ​​of Islam and Shiism potential impact on the Shiites and the Shiite movement and its government. Article: Using descriptive and analytical methods in trying to answer the main question is what the impact of soft power influence on the Shiite Islamic Republic of Iran is the Middle East region. Our hypothesis is that such designs components of soft power and political structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran on strengthening the cohesion of the popular movements in the Middle East countries have been influential Shiite.

Iraq is a country with the low social heterogeneity. Plurality of ethnic and religious groups and quotas each of these groups of power has causes multiple gaps formation in Iraq. This paper tries to answer this question that what are the effects of Iraq's social gaps on Iran's foreign policy in terms of terrorist groups? with analytic method and defensive neo realism theory. and it is hypothesized that Iraq social gaps in the emergence of terrorist group such as isis has been faced Iran with internal, regional and international challenges and increased its security aspects. The findings illustrate that Iran's Foreign Policy is faced with deepening Shiite and Sunnis gap and the possibility of disintegration of Iraq. This issue in regional level has been fallowed creation gap in Shiite geopolitice and axis of resistance on the one hand and caused the threat to the Iran's regional security environment that fallowed Iran reaction in frame of offensive active. This issue resulted in formation regional coalition against Iran with a focus on isis and other terrorist groups. Finally in international level, it has been increase of U.S presence in Iran's regional environment in support of isis and proxy war strategy of its foreign policy against iran.

The conflict and interaction of religion and the State has had sociological effects in Turkey that, on the one hand, result from political events in past and, on the other hand, cause of social-political mechanism in future. Although Turkey has been Experienced several coups, it contains more efficient democracy relate to another Islamic countries (or meddle East). In Turkey, democracy is instituting. Democratic experience in the country with another (except Iran) is not compared. This research will is response to this question that why does not Islamic movements result in radical actions in Turkey or as anther regional Countries Turkey was not exchanged in relation to radical events? In other words, why were Islamic movements in Turkey fighting in regime a priori in relation to fighting with regime? Authors beliefs that for response to the question would hint two kinds from substructure and superstructure factors: around substructure factors can states political culture of people Turkey as determining factor of political participation, gnostic doctrines of the variety and theirs effects on anthropology and theology of Turkey citizens, and also were apolitical this doctrines. Also, superstructure factors are high ability of secular regime in punishment of armed oppositions, and finally we can states establishing multiparty system, free elections and economic development.

Methods of political mobilization by Takfiri groups in Syria
The prerequisite of political action by every group or social movement is an access to various resources, especially human resources. Accordingly Takfiri groups of Syria and Iraq as a powerful and influential groups could attract several people from all over the world and mobilized them quickly for achievement of their goals. This article by adopting descriptive-analytical method, focuses on this main question: what are the main methods of mobilization of Takfiri groups? The findings show that these groups, via strategic vision and tactical opportunism and by representation and drawing of mythical society satisfying all human needs such as welfare, identity, and in-world and other-world salvation, based upon ideological, economic, sexual and combination of hard and soft power, could attract fighters from the whole world and secured their power till now.

Islamic salafi trends have been extended from Java to Africa and from the Islamic East to the Arabic West. Neither the western territory has been preserved from the presence and effects - and sometimes from its harms. In the French society also, the presence of the ideas and symbols of the Salafist islam and clothing norms of Muslim men and women supporting Salafism, is evident. This article contains an overview of the genealogy of the Salafist currents, and examines the context and causes of its expansion in France. It also deals with the description of different forms of Salafist trends and their characteristics in this country, and tries to analyze which goals they intend to reach and how they react for realizing their aims, all in facing the obstacles. This research while analyzing the intellectual and behavioral principles of Salafism in France, concludes that this movement is affected by the geographical area of Saudi Arabia and North Africa and three main flows (traditionalist, jihadist, political) are actives within it. Traditionalist Salafist trend, which proselyting the religion, benefits from a larger number of supporters and has more mosques at its disposal in France. However, the Jihadist salafist dispose to most of the media coverage and is more organized in their actions.

Political culture is one of routes and means of political analysis in every country. In this way, researcher focuses on the seeking of mentality of layer or layers or dominant face of society. The mentality that every social factors whether or not is affected by it more or less. Political culture approach is an interdisciplinary approach and is formed from combination of psychology, sociology, social psychology and anthropology. In this paper the event of 1376 election is analyzed by qualitative content analysis and participatory observation and by using this procedure the researcher has tried to emboss some shapes of political culture in Islamic Republic of Iran. Wartime religious obedience, constructiveness era consumptionism, structural pessimism towards rulers, the Ashura event director, negative participation are some of the this paper’s findings.