Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Jun 2016

Heart failure is a life-threatening illness in which panic disorder, anxiety, depression, and death expectation are constantly experienced. This study, thus, determined to examine the relationship between spiritual health and depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with heart failure.
This study was a descriptive-correlational investigation that was performed on 150 patients with heart failure in selected Ardabil teaching hospitals in 2014. Data was collected using Demographic Questionnaire, Ellison-Paloutzian Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). They were, then, analyzed using SPSS, descriptive statistical method, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariable regression analysis.
The results of this study showed that the spiritual wellbeing level of most subjects (75.3%) was in the range of medium. Mean scores of religious and existential aspects of spiritual well-being were obtained to be 33.26±1.247 and 45.76±1.328, respectively. In addition, depression, anxiety, and stress levels of most research units were in the medium range. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between depression, anxiety, and stress in all aspects of spiritual wellbeing (r=-0.592, P Results indicated that an increase in spiritual health would be a concomitant of a reduction in depression, anxiety, and stress levels in heart failure patients. Based on the results and importance of spiritual health, an improvement of proficiencies of medical and paramedical communities in offering spiritual healthcares appears to be mandatory.

Spirituality has a positive relationship with general health and as a strong force binds different aspects of an individual’s life to confront his tense situations. Quality of life and optimism can be influenced by spiritual, psychological, and occupational factors. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life and optimism on the staff members of Arak University of medical sciences.
This descriptive and correlational research was conducted in Arak University of Medical Sciences, in 2012. Among staff members of this university, 148 participants were selected via available sampling method. Data was collected by Paloutzian’s Spiritual Well-Being questionnaire, Lot questionnaire, and Quality of life questionnaire (sf-36). All data were analyzed using Pearson, Spearman, t test and SPSS version 18.
The mean score of age, Quality of life, spiritual well-being, and optimism of the staff were 36±7/4, 40/3 ± 20, 89/4 ± 19, and 15/4 ± 3 respectively. There was a significant relationship between Spiritual well-being and Quality of life and also between Spiritual well-being and Optimism. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between Quality of life and Optimism.
The results of this study showed that spiritual well-being had a significant positive relationship with Quality of life and Optimism. There were no significant differences between Spiritual well-being, Optimism, and Quality of life and age, gender, and years of service.

Physiological changes and psychological adaptations during pregnancy period expose pregnant mothers to increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Presently, spiritual intelligence is addressed as one of the most influential issues in mental and emotional health of individuals. This study was conducted aimed at examination of the relationship between spiritual intelligence, on the one hand, and depression, anxiety, and stress, on the other, among pregnant women.
This descriptive-correlative study was performed on 182 pregnant women using Stratified Random Sampling method. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and King Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory were used to evaluate and compare research’s variables. SPSS, version 16, and descriptive-analytical statistical methods were employed to analyze data.
Results indicated that there was a negative, significant relationship between all scales of spiritual intelligence components and subscales of depression and stress during pregnancy period (P Pregnant women with higher degrees of spiritual intelligence tend to have lower degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress during their pregnancy period.

Belief health and possession of proper religious beliefs are among hygienic priorities for effective and active strata of the society. False religious beliefs and adherence thereto lead human beings astray. The present study intends to get insight into awareness of Qom University of Medical Sciences students from wrong religious beliefs.
The present research was a descriptive-analytical one. Statistical population of this research included 309 students studying at all majors in the Qom University of Medical Sciences.
A number of 167 students (56.4%) announced that Jinns have frightened them. In addition, it was made clear that 12 students (3.9%) did not believe in Istikharah, and the rest 297 ones (96.1%) admitted injection of Istikharah in most affairs of their lives. Sixty-three students (21.4%) believed that the main reason behind referring to amulet scriveners is resolution of problems only in this way.
According to the results, this is concluded that rock-solid steps are to be taken in order to rectify students’ religious beliefs and raise their awareness tiers

Spiritual intelligence has different definitions and one of them is application of spiritual data to solve routine problems. This study was intended to assess the relation between spiritual intelligence and lifestyle with job satisfaction in primary school teachers in Gorgan.
In 2014, from the statistical community of Gorgan’s primary school teachers, a number of 297 subjects were selected using the simple random method. After obtaining their informed consent, subjects filled four questionnaires of demographic data, spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (SISRI-24), Lali‘s lifestyle questionnaire, and Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. Data analysis, T-Test, variance analysis, and correlation were all conducted on main data. Level of significance was defined to be P From 275 questionnaires, 72 (26.2%) were men and 203 (73.8%) were women. The majority of them were in the 30-40 year old age range. The conceptual model of the research showed that the direct effect of spiritual intelligence on the job satisfaction is not significant, but the indirect effect of them is significant and equal to 0.233. In other words, spiritual intelligence impacts on job satisfaction of Gorgan’s primary school teachers through lifestyle effects. Also, spiritual intelligence has a direct significant effect of 0.511 on the life style of Gorgan’s primary school teachers.
As for the direct effect of spiritual intelligence on the lifestyle and its indirect effect on the job satisfaction, improvement of the teacher’s spiritual intelligent aspects should be considered as they are they are the next generation’s trainers.

Attitudes to humankind will have different effects on health service delivery. Health might used to be intended to provide physical health in the past; today, however, many researchers and clinicians consider the concept health to be beyond physical health. In support of this claim, it is enough to indicate that the bio-psycho-social model has for years been held by scientific communities to be a fully admitted model. However, the missing ring in this model, as suggested by many, is the spiritual health. In recent years, the relationship between spirituality and clinical interventions with a comprehensive focus on health has been under increasing scrutiny. Although different models have been presented for investigation of the relationship between spiritual health and other dimensions, the fundamental challenge in this regard is the actual place of spiritual health compared with other dimensions. In this article, attempts are made to address the position and weight of spiritual health from the Islam’s point of view.

diseases are due to lifestyle changes, especially in the field of nutrition. The Iranian Islamic teachings have extensive guidelines on the issue of healthy lifestyle and nutrition in particular. On that account, there are many sayings and traditions related to nutrition and its practices. The sayings of Imam Ali (AS) like avoiding eating when you are full, not eating your fill when mealtime, and masticating food well are among those traditions. In the light of Imam’s view, the role of these health behaviors is determinative of the public health. Using the latest scientific achievements and Iranian traditional medicine, this study reviewed the teachings of holy Imam Ali (AS) concerning public health.
In this review study, authentic narratives from collections and books of hadith related to nutrition practices were examined. There were special emphases on certain portions of the teachings that were extracted. These findings were evaluated after being in accord with the latest thoughts on medical literature and well-known databases such as PubMed along with the Iranian traditional medicine sources.
According to the remarks of holy Imam Ali (AS) and the Iranian Islamic teachings, the role of nutrition and its practices is outstanding in public health. These remarks can be categorized in three pivots: abstaining from eating before hunger, abstaining from filling fully the stomach when eating, and chewing food well.
Using the guidelines of Imam Ali (AS), new dimensions of prevention practices and treatment of chronic diseases can be achieved. Furthermore, many other hypotheses can be raised making available a wide range of scientific researches