Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Sep 2016

the term “spirituality” has been proposed to denote the notion of intellectuality. Actually, the former has been derived from the Latin words “spiritus” (means breath) and “spirare” (means inhaling or breathing). Given the Latin translations of the New Testament, the term “spiritualis” or spiritual person is an individual whose life is dominated or influenced by the Holy Spirit or God (1).

Spiritual intelligence makes a major contribution to people’s health and well-being. Since religion is considered as an enriched context for Muslim communities, which can provide them with spiritual experiences, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire in order to assess spiritual intelligence among people in these communities.
In this study, 10 components derived from the literature were examined using Islamic texts and interviews with Islamic scholars. Applying the expert opinion method, the items of interest were made. The developed questionnaire was then administered on a sample of 350 students from Tehran University and seminaries in Tehran selected by stratified sampling to establish its factor structure, validity, and reliability.
Nine items were omitted in the preliminary conduction of the questionnaire. Following the explanatory factor analysis, six more questions were also eliminated due to their factor loadings being less than the critical value of 0.3. The Scree plot revealed that the factor structure of the questionnaire consisted of five main components which determined 36.99 percent of the total variance. Moreover, the Cronbach’s Alpha was obtained to be 0.92 which showed a proper internal consistency. Using King’s SISCI-24 questionnaire, the concurrent validity was also deemed relatively acceptable.
The main strength of this study was the development of a contextually competent instrument to assess spiritual intelligence among Muslim people. This questionnaire instrument showed relatively acceptable reliability and validity, and can be used in future research, especially in health sciences, among the population of interest.

Patients experience moderate to high level of anxiety before general surgery. There are differences in studies on the effect of listening Quran to decrease anxiety in general surgery patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Vaghea Surah and its translation on the state - trait anxiety before general surgeries.
In this randomized controlled trial study, 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the experiment and control groups. In the experiment group, Fifth researcher read Vaghea Surah and its translation for patients during 30 minutes in one day before surgery, whereas in the control group, patients had 30 minutes of rest in bed. The level of anxiety was measured before and after intervention and 30 minutes before surgery in two groups and was analyzed using Chi-Square, t-tests and repeated measure ANOVA.
In the experimental group, mean scores of state anxiety decreased from 43.3±3.1 to 29.8±2.1 following intervention (p=0.03). However, mean scores did not significantly change in the control group (p=0.5).
The findings of the study demonstrated that the listening to Vaghea Surah and its translation can reduce anxiety before surgery.

Family, personal and social factors play a role in resiliency. So this study was done for investigating the Mediating Role of Spiritual Intelligent in Relationship of mindfulness and Resilience in Vali-e-asr Hospital of Birjand.
The present study is an analyzing correlation type. 120 staffs (remedial, administrative, social service) of Vali-e-asr Hospital were selected by class random sampling, and answered to King spiritual intelligence, Brown and Rayan mindfulness, and Daivdson-Konover resiliency measures.
The results showed that the direct effects of mindfulness and Spiritual intelligence on resiliency, and direct effect of mindfulness on Spiritual intelligence are meaningful. Also the findings showed that the presented model has a good fitness.
The results show that by increasing the mindfulness one can increase moral Spiritual while leading to rising people resiliency.

Spirituality and spiritual care, as essential components of holistic nursing care, are widely recognized, while spiritual aspect is still overlooked. Spirituality has been associated with the caregiver’s sense of well-being and ability to cope. The aim of this study was to determine attitude of intensive care nurses toward spirituality and spiritual care and its relationship with mental health.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 55 nurses working in the Intensive Care Units of educational hospitals in Qom, 2014. Tools of study include measures of Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and ANOVA in the statistical software SPSS, ver. 16.
There were 10.2% male and 89.8 % female nurses; age ranged from 21 to 46 years, with a mean age of 29 (SD=2.67). Mean and standard deviation attitude score of spirituality and spiritual care in nursing were 55.95 and 7.66, respectively. Among the demographic variables of age (r=0.491), and work experience (r=.496) were significant correlation with the perception of spirituality and spiritual care. Also, there were significant and direct correlations between spirituality and spiritual care and general health (r=0.348).
Our finding indicated that attitudes toward spirituality and spiritual care in the intensive care nurses were moderate. According to the direct relationship between attitudes toward spirituality and spiritual care and mental health, there should be a significant focus on strengthening spirituality in nursing care in intensive care, education, and acculturation in the area of religious and spiritual activities among nursing students.

Understanding and meeting the religious needs of patients could lead to the satisfaction and promotion in religious care. This study aimed to explore the patients’ religious expectations of nurses.
Researchers used a conventional approach to content analysis in this study. Eighteen patients (11 men and 7 women) purposefully were selected with maximum variation from different wards of Shahid Beheshti hospital, Qom, Iran. In depth semi structured interviews were continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed with constant comparative method.
The main themes of patients’ religious expectations of nurses were: providing holistic care, moralization, nursing sincerely, patience with patients and their relatives, respect for the beliefs of patients, planning for nursing interventions according to the prayer time, removing barriers and providing facilities for prayer.
The results showed that participants need to holistic care. It is therefore essential to nurses be aware of patients’ needs in care planning.