فهرست مطالب

Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics
Volume:4 Issue: 4, Dec 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/09/14
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Freidoun Azizi *, Akram Heidari Pages 2-5
    Human health includes physical, social, mental and spiritual dimensions and medicine is perfect when all aspects of health are considered. There are several reasons for the need for health personnel familiarity with issues related to spiritual health that some of them are: Finding best responds to the spiritual needs of patients, the use of spiritual care to improve health in four levels of prevention, the correct decision when creating a conflict between the spiritual beliefs of the patient and the diagnostic and therapeutic processes as well as spiritual beliefs of physician with the aforementioned processes. Members of the health team can affect the spiritual health in various forms including the impact on presentation of services environments, attention to client's spiritual health, presentation of spiritual health services and self-care education to patients. The spiritual health issue should be entered into the educational curriculum of medical sciences and its theoretical and practical aspects to be taught properly. Also, spiritual health topics should be included in the continuing education programs of medical practitioners.
    Keywords: Spirituality, Health, Health Personnel, Promotion
  • Mahsid Bokaie, Behnaz Enjezab Pages 6-12
    Background And Objectives
    Spiritual health is an important aspect of health. Loneliness is an unpleasant emotional experience that causes feelings of emptiness and sadness, and affects social, physical, and psychological health.
    With regards to specific conditions of students, distance from their families, concerns about educational and career future, social structure of their environment, exposure to risk of loneliness, and the status of spirituality in young people's lives and as there has not been any research about this issue, we decided to investigate spiritual health and its correlation with loneliness.
    Methods
    This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 525 students from different faculties. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of three sections: demographics questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Palutzian & Ellison). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS.
    Results
    A total of 524 students participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 21.6±2.60 years old. There were 25.2% and 74.8% male and female participants, respectively. The majority of the participants were single (75.2%), living in dorm (72.9%), studied in the Health Faculty (36.3%), and were BSc. students (75.6%). The participants’ mean score on spiritual health was 91.48±17.60. Most of the students (60.9%) experienced moderate levels of loneliness. The results showed a significant negative correlation between spiritual health and loneliness.
    Conclusion
    Regarding the relationship between spiritual health and loneliness and the prevalence of loneliness among these students, it is recommended to pay attention and suggest approaches to improving spiritual health, as a useful strategy to prevent or reduce depression, in this population.
    Keywords: Loneliness, Spiritual Health, Students, Iran
  • Ali Taghvaeinia, Fatemeh Dehghani, Reza Ghasemi Jobaneh, Saeed Jalili Nikoo Pages 13-17
    Background And Objectives
    Infertility, particularly female infertility, can threat women's psychological health. Spiritual health can play a significant role in increasing people's abilities especially in tough conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of psychotherapy on existential health in infertile women.
    Methods
    The study population of this experimental controlled study with pretest-post-test consisted of infertile women referring to the Gynecology and Infertility Clinic of Dehdasht from late June 2015 to late September 2015. First, the samples were selected by convenience sampling; after the Spirituality Component of the Lifestyle Questionnaire, they were randomized to two groups of 12 each: experimental and control. The experimental group attended eight sessions of existential psychotherapy and control group attended no intervention. Data analysis was conducted by covariance analysis in SPSS 18.
    Results
    Existential psychotherapy caused promotion of spiritual health in the infertile women.
    Conclusion
    This study indicated that existential psychotherapy is important to infertile women's spiritual health. It is therefore recommended to use existential psychotherapy to promote spiritual health in such women.
    Keywords: Existential Psychology, Spirituality, Female Infertility
  • Moradali Zareipour, Noshin Narmayuon, Reza Sadeghi, Kheirmohammad Jadgal, Fatemeh Zare Pages 18-23
    Background And Objectives
    Women comprise a small yet rising prison population whose health needs have been disregarded in most communities. Spiritual health represents a health aspect and therefore should be studied. The aim of the current study was to compare spiritual health between female prisoners and nonprisoners.
    Methods
    This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 300 women (150 prisoners and 150 nonprisoners). Paloutzian & Ellison's Spiritual Well-Being Scale was used to measure spiritual health. Demographic characteristics were gathered using a researcher-developed demographic questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using independent t-test and ANOVA in SPSS 16.
    Results
    The mean age of the participants was 33.42 (9.9) years. According to the findings, Physical health, religious, and spiritual health levels were significantly lower among the prisoners than the nonprisoners. One-way ANOVA results demonstrated that spiritual health was statistically significantly associated with marital status, economic status, and history of neurological diseases in both groups.
    Conclusion
    Female prisoners represent one of the vulnerable populations of the community and have low levels of spiritual health that is the most important human aspect and helps achieve meaning and purpose in life. It is necessary to adopt evidence-based, gender specific policies to promote female prisoner's spiritual health so that other health aspects of this population can be promoted.
    Keywords: Spiritual Health, Physical Health, Health, Religious Health, Female Prisoners
  • Zahra Marhemati, Farhad Khormaei Pages 24-30
    Background And Objectives
    The lives of all people without mental disorders are not equally healthy and fruitful, and not necessarily healthier and more fruitful than the lives of people with such disorders. Therefore, identifying psychological variables that affect well-being can play a significant role in applying these variables in practical situations. The aim of this study was to codify a structural model to explain eudaimonic well-being based on religiousness dimensions and patience, as a mediator variable.
    Methods
    In this correlational study, 527 students of the University of Shiraz were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection was conducted by Religiosity Scale, Patience Scale, and Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being, with adequate levels of reliability and validity to be used in Iranian culture. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 21 and AMOS 21.
    Results
    Path analysis in structural equation modeling showed that the proposed model fitted well with the data, and direct effect of religiousness on eudaimonic well-being, religiousness on patience, and patience on eudaimonic well-being was confirmed. The model also showed that indirect effect of religiousness, mediated by patience, caused well-being level to be promoted more markedly than direct effect of eudaimonic well-being.
    Conclusion
    Based on the findings, the coefficients of the emotions and beliefs dimensions of religiousness on eudaimonic well-being were greater than those of outcomes and rituals. It is therefore suggested to train religious teachings and rituals accompanied by patience, as a moral virtue, and put greater emphasis on the internalization and institutionalization of beliefs (such as self-knowledge and God) and religious feelings (such as attachment to God) to improve the well-being of life, rather than ritual and outcomes dimensions.
    Keywords: Religion, Patience, Virtue ethics, Eudaimonic well-being, Health
  • Zahra Moaven, Majid Movahed, Mohammad Taghi Iman Iman, Mansour Tabiee Pages 31-39
    Background And Objectives
    Going on a pilgrimage for spiritual and religious purposes is not a new phenomenon and can be considered one of the oldest tourism typologies. This form of travel is related to the task social perception, which is stronger than leisure or pleasure. The purpose of this ethnographic study was to study how spiritual well-being is achieved through pilgrimages trips.
    Methods
    This qualitative research was carried out using ethnographic methodology. Data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 30 female tourists. Purposive sampling was conducted in pilgrimage sites in Shiraz. Participants were selected according to certain features including pilgrimage experience, gender, and sex. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis.
    Results
    The results indicated that pilgrimage consisted of seven themes: relationship, spiritual relaxation, self-sacrifice, Loving others, hope and optimism, coping with problems, and excellence. Ultimately, the global theme of the social-spiritual empowerment was developed.
    Conclusion
    Nowadays, pilgrimage plays a very effective role in the spiritual and social empowerment of people such that they not only manage to reduce
    Keywords: Pilgrimage, Spiritual Health, Religion, Tourism, Ethnography, Therapy
  • Sarallah Shojaei, Rooholah Farhadloo, Mostafa Vahedian, Sara Sepahvandi, Maryam Jaferian, Azam Heidarpour Pages 40-46
    Background And Objectives
    Nowadays, spiritual health, as one of the health aspects, can better respond to the current conditions in being faced with anxiety, tension, and restlessness due to injury and disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the spiritual health of inpatients and its association with in-hospital anxiety and depression.
    Methods
    In this descriptive-analytical study, 142 inpatients in Qom Nekoei Hospital were enrolled by stratified random sampling. Demographics and hospital information questionnaire, Paloutzian & Ellison Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were completed by the participants. Data were generated and analyzed by SPSS.
    Results
    Linear regression results showed that the score on spiritual health was statistically significantly associated with the level of depression and anxiety such that with 1-point increase in spiritual health score, the mean score on depression and anxiety decreased by 0.145 (p=0.000). In addition, spiritual health score was moderate in the participants (88.44±20). The participants’ religious well-being score (48±8) was higher than their existential well-being score (40±10).
    Conclusion
    Because anxiety and depression levels were lower in the inpatients with higher levels of spiritual health, it can be concluded that people with greater spiritual tendency develop lower levels of anxiety and depression when they are ill, and are comparatively more successfully in coping with suffering due to disease.
    Keywords: Spirituality, Anxiety, Depression, Patient, Hospital
  • Alireza Maredpour Pages 47-53
    Background And Objectives
    The influence of religiosity on students’ perceived social support, in addition to the role these two variables play in mental health are of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religiosity and mental health in high school students in Yasooj using the mediating role of social support.
    Methods
    The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 201 high school students in Yasooj in 2016. Samples were selected by multistage cluster sampling. To collect data, Glock and Stark's Religiosity Scale, 28-item General Health Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis.
    Results
    Regression analysis showed that religiosity significantly predicted social support from family (β=0.25, p
    Conclusion
    The results showed that religiosity, both directly and indirectly, enhanced student's mental health through social support from family and significant other. It is therefore essential for the policy makers in the field of mental health and education to focus on religious beliefs.
    Keywords: Social Support, Mental Health, Religiosity, Students
  • Atieh Sadat Danesh, Hossein Moradi, Fatemeh Nojavan Pages 54-61
    Background And Objectives
    Historically, bread has been the most important source of human nutrition. The pattern of bread consumption is not desirable in Iran and approximately 16% of bread produced in this country is wasted. The most important cause of this waste rate is low quality of the produced bread and inadequate public attention paid to Islam recommendation on bread sanctity. The modification of bread consumption and the culture of bread consumption are one of the necessities of the community. Islam whose teachings include all aspects of human life assigns a special status to bread. In addition, in Persian medicine that was developed by Islamic teachings special attention is paid to bread.
    Methods
    To conduct this research review, discussions about bread in Quran, Ahadith, and Persian medicine textbooks were studied. Besides that, the findings of most recent scientific sources and reliable articles were investigated.
    Results
    According to Islamic and Persian medicine references, bread is divided into different types according to type of cereals and some legumes, amount of bran, type of dough, percentage of fermentation, baking method, shape and thickness of bread, and materials added to bread. A suitable bread is made from high quality wheat, its bran is not separated in large amounts, salt and dough are used in preparing it, it is fermented in a balanced manner, and all of its parts are uniformly baked in oven. In addition to preparation method, there is a certain pattern of using bread according to Persian medicine and Ahadith.
    Conclusion
    A bread that is prepared and used according to instructions described in Iranian Islamic medicine can satisfy a wide range of the body's nutritional needs.
    Keywords: Persian Medicine, Islamic, Iranian, Bread