نشریه پژوهش ملل
پیاپی 26 (بهمن 1396)

Knowledge is one of the sources of power and power, is determining many of the relationships, so study as the most important basis for awareness generation, it will promote the general knowledge of society and this itself makes human relationships, see the least tensions. Study has an important role in helping to make a sustainable peace culture. Increasing awareness and expanding the study culture is prerequisites creation and the spread of the culture of peace. Therefore, current study is trying to by explaining the state of peace and studying in different parts of the world with emphasizing The Middle East region to pay compare the status of these two components and their ratio in the world and especially in the Middle East. This research done in the library method. It is also done based on the statistics gathered from official sources, comparison between countries in peace indicators happened and study and necessary parsing and analysis done. Findings show middle east is the world's most unforgiving region which despite its precious historical background in the field of line, writing and library, today's in per capita study index and other related cultural indicators, have not an appropriate situation. The appropriate situation in both components is mainly belongs to developed countries. Peace and study have a two-way relationship. Preliminary study and in other words, is an important component in the creation and expansion of peace in the world. Study will help to create and expand peace in the security of the community. Peace also by creating calm conditions (peaceful security and economics) in the community and strengthening and establish information centers and information's producer provides conditions for the promotion of knowledge and the expansion of the study culture.

Globalization and transformation in the nature of social movements it is an important topic in political science. Therefore, understanding the globalization's relationship and the evolution of the nature of future social movements in Iran is at the center of this research. This research seeks to answer to this question that what is the relationship between globalization in dimensions of communication – information with the future of social movements in Iran. The stated hypothesis is that globalization in the information-communication dimension will be one of the important factors in the movement's transformation and the emergence of new social movements in the future society of Iran. Independent variable of information and communication globalization and the dependent variable of the research also is the emergence of new social movements. Findings of this research shows that in the future new social movement of Iran has features like overlapping, non-political, being identity, being multitudinous or lack of leadership in the classical form, relations with international and regional institutions, follow the quiet ahead logic, use of modern virtual media and virtual networking, plan democratic demands - human rights, increasing bilateral and multilateral ties, believing in peaceful methods and avoiding violence.

The rise of China and the more dynamic ASEAN-China relations become salient challenges for Indonesia in the wake of the global financial crisis. Economically, cooperation between ASEAN and China through the ACFTA has caused significant negative impacts to Indonesia, as seen from the continuous trade deficit, industrial downturn, and rising unemployment. In the political and military field, there has been changes in China’s political gesture from accommodative to a more assertive one in the light of uncertainty in the South China Sea. The situation has raised the discourse to invite extra regional powers, especially the US, to be more actively Involve in the regional security arrangement. In this context, Indonesia sees ASEAN as an important instrument to bridge all powers in the region by looking forward for dialogue and cooperation instead of conflict and military disputes.

Allegiance is one of the most important social-political issues in Islam which according to conditions and historical developments crystallized from the early days of Isla till now in many forms. In the present article, the goal is this that first to raised quiddity and how allegiance and then to be investigated its forms. Thus, In the ahead study trying to answered to these questions. what is the nature of allegiance and how was its implementation? What has the allegiance's position in Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah? The difference between the basic views of Sunni and Shia regarding the allegiance issue is in which point of view? Nowadays, allegiance has symbolic function or that preserved its importance and fundamental application in the course of political issues? Allegiance is executed to what forms and the faces? Research important findings conforms the supreme value of allegiance's concept in the fundamental framework of Islam and emphasis of the Quran and divine guardians on it. Even though there is no unit opinion, relative to the allegiance issue and its implementation process among Islamic religions, but it can be said Muslim political system today unaware of allegiance to gain political legitimacy therefore, preserved its importance and its political application throughout the history of Islam. Employed method in this study, is descriptive-analytical type of library studies.

The end of history from the historical, political, and philosophical perspective is a great deal of reflection and review. Fukuyama in his own political doctrine all the modern features that in fact, the cause of deterioration and the decline of the west's civilization would be counts as a tool for the durability and continuity of capitalist survival. He tries to use forced to postpone this end and by drawing a figure from this end, instead of worrying, creates hope and mobility. During the year 1989, Francis Fukuyama to be original liberal democracy as an economic political thought in North America and Western Europe published the theory of the end of history in an article. This research is dedicated to explain and review the basics and the origin of the thought of Francis Fukuyama to do this, was use from descriptive-analytical method and compiled its data in a library method. Finding of the research suggests that the intellectual roots of the end of Fukuyama's history retrieved from the Hegelian dialectic. Fukuyama's The End of history based on the ideology of liberal democracy and is trying in reinforcement and its consolidation in the global system. Hegel knows this primary stimulus of history in the human factor that indeed be a fight for recognition

After the victory of Islamic revolution, Iran's relations with the European Union experienced many ups and downs and by the organizational changes of this union, the emergence of new variables and developments in the middle east region and their effect, less come that these relationships has a steady and growing trend in a long term period. The negotiation process and nuclear diplomacy between Iran and Europe shows that on both sides have separate goals and motives. Iran has entered into negotiations and bargaining with Europe to neutralize American hostile policies and utilizing nuclear technology especially the fuel cycle. On the other hand, the purpose of the European Union is Iran's satisfaction to ignore from nuclear fuel cycle technology with giving incentive rates. In the other words, Europe is like the United States demanding unconditionally stop uranium enrichment and nuclear fuel production in Iran; Iran's nuclear case as focal point is in dispute Iran and the European Union as far as leaves tangible effects on their political relationships. In this article we will seek to answer this question that Iran's political relations with the European Union in years (88-92) passed which developments? The method of this research has been descriptive-analytic and information gathering by using library method.

According to the importance of life skills in solving interpersonal problems and improving mental health of high school students, current study done with the aim of examining the effect of life skills training on increasing self-esteem, increasing expression and reducing aggression of high school boy students. This research was carried out in a semi-experimental manner with pre-test & post-test design along with control group. The statistical population of the study have formed Frieden high school boy students who were studying in the academic year 94 -95. Sampling in this research was non-randomly (available) and subjects were placed in both experimental and control groups (each group 30 people). In this research, has been used from Bass & Perry's aggression questionnaire, Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire and Gambler and Richie's self-assertion questionnaire. For decomposition and analysis data is used the SPSS statistical software with analysis method multivariate covariance. Results from analysis shows that in both experimental and control groups in terms of increasing self-esteem, increasing expression and reducing aggression there is a significant difference (P