نشریه پژوهش ملل
پیاپی 28 (فروردین 1397)

The contemporary history of Iran has been seen many incidents especially in the Kurdistan region. Many sweet and bitter facts can be revealed at the each of part, which is essential for construction of current society. The uprising of Senjer Khan Vaziri was one of the most significant events that had occurred against the occupation of Iran by the Russians and the British which took place in the late of the Qajar era which its dimensions and features still need to be analyzed and explained. In this paper, while surveying the life, his insurrection and combat against foreigners have been surveyed through an exploratory analytical approach based on his unique uprising features. Concerning the features of his uprising can be mentioned to: it was popular and self-awakening, his charisma and outstanding elite role in the leadership of the uprising, insurrection independently and without communication and reliance on any internal and external power, Iranian-oriented uprising, and finally the only Kurdish uprising in southern Kurdistan. Unfortunately, despite the importance and clear nature of the insurrection and its numerous historical documents, why it has been neglected and familiarity with this topic is limited, neither at the national level nor at the local. Therefore, the introduction of this uprising is urgent for the current Iranian society, which needs to strengthen and introduce the foundations of the palpable identity for the younger generation.

The concept of the subject in the philosophical and political thinking of contemporary times has devoted a special place to itself. So that most recent political and social issues at the philosophical level linked in such a way to discuss the subject identify the subject. But this concept is grounded like other fundamental concepts in the theory of modern times, have been shaped by the fundamental components of modern thinking. Community domination and patriarchal thought on the content of these concepts has led to that the understand scholars the issues of women; they realize the need for the development of these concepts. Evolution the concept of the subject in feminist epistemology effect on different fields of thought and political and social action and pushes it toward the distance from patriarchal hierarchy. The present study intends while analyzing this conceptual evolution, to examine its results in the political sphere.

Growth and the spread of terrorism in the Middle East region with the formation of al-Qaeda's terrorist network in the 1990s and declaring the caliphate ISIS group in July 2014 converted to as the most dangerous threats against humanity and because of its link with new technologies, has created make a strategic dilemma and has been able to bring about the role of small groups but with complex structures in the international zone. The growth of this phenomenon is needed extensive research Inclusive with a basic look to multiple variables. So the present research tries to concentrating on assumptions and the concepts of critical theory of international relations, explained reasons for growing terrorism in the Middle East region and prove it effectiveness of this theory in the analysis of the phenomenon of terrorism in this area. Thus that question comes up here is this what's the factors of the terrorism's formation in the Middle East region from a critical point of view? Or in international relations how to analyze the Middle East terrorism phenomenon? In reply, it is assumed that according to the assumptions of critical theory, in host governments terrorism as the middle ground level, factors like that the dominance of instrumental rationality and lack of communication in the public sphere and the weakness of civil society, it causes the closure of the social-political space on the pluralistic activists and organized crimes outside the administration government in this area. And at the macro level dominate the hegemony and its influence in the region faced reaction to anti-clockwise forces that this order is excitable anti-system group and emancipating deconstruction on both levels in the form of extreme terrorism Isis and al-Qaeda.

Acquiring responsibility in international and domestic conflicts, always has encountered with obstacles. In these conflicts we face with action and non-actions that not prohibited from the perspective of international rights and do not have the nature of the offending action. But just committing them, causes imposition extensive damage to the sides of the conflict and even third parties. The question you can do here is: why not pay attention and the success of governments and international organizations that's important. International peace and security it has always been impressed internal and international conflicts. Lack of all-inclusive definition of responsibility in internal and international conflicts, faces global equations of peace with vague variables. Acquiring responsibility in international non-prohibited acts in the rights of hostilities, by defining and identifying new weapons and its degradation range in various human and environmental spheres and ultimately their application it will be possible in the form of conventions and international treaties in the conflict's rights. In this regard, revision and correction Lahe's agreement, Geneva conventions of 1949 and 1977 protocols, is necessary and essential. Sea battleship as the most comprehensive war in the past and most likely in the future, has always been accompanied by international implications and has provided incentives international responsibility of the parties to the conflict. A war with the advancement of technology and sea weapons, will have extensive human implications and environmental.

Articles 22-27 of the declaration of human rights are devoted to the subject of economic, social and cultural rights. In this articles, using mass destruction's weapons actually seems a kind of abuse from the defense's right, and the International Court of Justice with silence about the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapon's function as a legitimate defense somehow has justified the use or function of other mass destruction weapons. Organization for the prohibition of chemical weapons and the envisaged organs in the treaty, enjoy a lot of authority so that, in the event of misconduct or violation by any member that in his commitment to the treaty, create doubt and hesitate. The organization may recommend collective actions, including sanctions, against the mischief government to other member states. However, although rules of war law have not made significant progress, but government contractual obligations in the case of war, it is also not so trivial as a source of war law. In this article is tried using descriptive-analytical method, to be investigated humanitarian dimension based on mass destruction weapons. And evaluated the most important challenge of this plan with international law and with the aim of examining different aspects from the perspective of human rights and international law.

Learning is the central section of each person's life. Even when we do not think so it also happens; with the thought that does not occur behavior in the vacuum; therefore, various ways of behavior, is related to the physical environment. Learning environments will be formed from elements that they are meaningful together. Features and qualities each of these elements are effective in shaping different behaviors. Education body is creating spaces related to student activity; spaces that are suitable conditions and desirable for mental physical growth, emotional and social children that realization is possible through the design of the spaces given the behavior patterns of children. Philosopher Jean Piaget, much emphasis on the ability of the child in understanding the world actively and believes that's the kids do not attract information passively but what that in the world around you they see they hear and feel then select and interpret. Education and consequently educational environments are responsible greatest effect and take the role on the mindset and civilization of societies. Psychology environmental researchers, by studying child behavior patterns in educational environments into effective cases such as school size, lighting and ... who have a major role in enhancing learning, have in the course of the article, will be paid look at them more precisely. The purpose of this article qualitatively to check Darlqarani educational environments and language institutions and evaluated its effect on learning.