International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain prevention
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Spring 2016

This study aimed to assess lifestyle behavioral management in patients with Knee osteoarthritis among Iranian patients up to 6 months. Settings and Design.
Methods and Material: In this educational controlled trial study, 130 eligible participants took part in control group (n = 66) and received just prescribed medications, or intervention group (n=64) who received the lifestyle behavioral management plus medication. The program invol­ved three two-hour and two one – hour group sessions over a one- week period. Data based on demographic characteristics and risky behaviors questionnaire as well as Functional Knee Assess­ment Test (FKAT) were collected at initial, 3-, and 6 - month follow ups and analyzed by using SPSS 18.
Of 130 participants, five individuals from intervention and eight individuals from control group were excluded over 6 months. Totally, 117 eligible participants in two groups of intervention (n=59), and control (n=58) completed the study. The mean age of participants in intervention and control group at base line was 59.03±6.13 and 57.85±9.31 years respectively. Despite being the same at initial time (P>0.05), Repeated Measure ANOVA test showed significantly better improved disability in intervention group over time (P0.05), Repeated Measure ANOVA test showed significantly better improved disability in intervention group over time (P This study revealed that the multidisciplinary program could significantly reduce risky behaviors and disability up to six months in interv­ention group. Thus, due to lack of lifestyle behavioral management in health care system of Iran, to embedding this program into clinical practice for managing knee OA pain is recommended.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are concerned as costly health problems worldwide.
Rural people are more susceptible to musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and related factors among adult living in Aq Qalaian, Iran.
Material and This was a cross-sectional study which performed among 200 adult living in rural region in north of Iran named Ag, Qalaian. The data were gathered through Nordic Standard Questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS, version 18. To compare subgroups in terms of different variables, the significant level of % 5 was considered.
Totally, 200 adults including 100 women and 100 men with mean age of 38/36 ± 7/72 and 41/84 ± 9/39 respectively were studied. Seventy nine percent of the studied participants suffered from a type of musculo­skeletal disorders. The most musculoskeletal disorders were occurred among housewives. Low back pain was the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders.
Considering the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in people living in rural areas, ergonomics interve­ntion and education programs are guaranteed.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) represent one of the most common occupational health education problems in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an occupational ergonomic training educational programon awareness, attitude and work-related musculoskeletal disorders behavior among Office Workers.
Material and Firstly,200 office workers from 12 health centerswere recruited. Withresponse rate of 90%, 180 eligible participants, were assigned to receive an 8 - week participatory ergonomic occupational training educational program available in Shemiranat, Tehran, Iran. A self-controlled longitudinal study with pre/ post design was used to evaluate the effects of the intervention among office workers in 2015-2016. Post-test was then administered to the participants to identify changes at 3 months after intervention.
Totally, 200 participants with a mean age of 37.48 ± 8.78 years old completed this study. The 3- month follow-up rate was 90%. After the intervention, the awareness rate, attitude and MSDs work - related health behaviors were improved. The self-reported prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders for neck, shoulder, upper and lower back pain or discomfort were significantly lower than before intervention (P The MSDs work related behaviors as well as MSDs prevalence can be improved through the health education program. It is recommended that furt­her research with larger sample and longer follow up be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.

Although the need for theory-based designs, evidencesexploringexercisingeffects during pregnancy is limited by non-theoretical and cross-sectional assessments. This study aimed to prospect­ively examine women’s exercise behavior from their second to third pregnancy trimester using the Health Belief Model (HBM).
Material and This was a randomized controlled trial in which 100 pregnant women (50 individuals in each group of control or intervention) with gestation age of 20 weeks or more were examined. Just the intervention gr­oup participated ineight40-minuteexercise classeswith15-day interval between each class. The control group received only routine prenatal care. The researcher- made questionnaires for general demographic characteristics, and variables of Health Belief Model (HBM) regarding doing exercise during pregnancy were completed at two time points of initial of the study and follow up . Descriptive/ analytical statistics were applied to analyze the variables using SPSS version18.
The mean gestational age for intervention and control group were 27.40±5.39 and 26.26±5.31 weeks respectively. Despite similarity of two groups at initial of the study in terms of all studied variables, , all HBM constructs in intervention group were significantly higher than control group after intervention (all p value ≤ 5%).
This study revealed that the educational program based on HBM could provide the pregnant women with a conceptual framework to improve the beliefs of pregnant women regarding exercise doing.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of disability and pain intensity among two groups of governmental employees and sellers who suffering from chronic low back pain.
Material and This descriptive – analytic study was performed from Dec 2015to Mar 2016among employed staff members of education ministry (N=50) and 40 sellers with chronic low back pain who were selected through non-random sampling method. The research tool was Oswetry inventory to inspect the pain intensity and level of disability of the participants. Statistical descriptive/analytic method was used to analyze data through SPSS V16.
Totally, 90 participants included 50 employees with an average age of 45.14 ± .85 years and 40 sellers with an average age of 45.42 ± 0.98 years took part in this study. The variables as age, weight, height were the same in the two groups (P> 0.05). There were significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI2.01 (3.42-.59), pain: 0.55 (0.18 –0.92), lifting disability: 0.77 (0.28 to 1.25), walking 1.03 (0.56 to 1.49), sleeping -0.26 (-0.51 -0.002), sexuality 2.07 (1.32 to 2.82), social life. 0.43 (-0.82 -. 03), mean total score of functional disability in performing activities 4.35 (1.93 to 6.77) which were better in the employed group rather than the other group
This study showed the functional disability and related effective factors were different between employees and sellers. Therefore, categorizing individuals who suffering from back pain into homogeneous groups and investigating the effective factors of disability in each group of people are recommended.

Quality of life play a considerable role in individual and social health. Low back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorders and cause negative impacts on various aspects of life. The aim of study was to compare the quality of life of students with and without low back pain.
This was across-sectional study performed among students at the Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, west branch in Tehran., Iran. 200 students took part in the study and the SF-36scale was used to assess the quality of life of the participants.
Findings: The mean score of overall quality of life, physical, and mental health of the participants were 67.87 19.07, 72.3621.53, and 63.20 21.34 respectively. There was a significant relationship between quality of life and socio-economic status (p = 0.007), physical activity (p = 0.002) and smoking (p = 0.007). About %60/3of all participants (N=114) reported back pain history. There were significant relationship between quality of life and low back pain (p = 0.0001).
Quality of life in students with back pain was less than those without back pain.
Considering the underlying factors affecting the quality of life of students, this study showed low back pain could also diminish the quality of life of the students

Chronic pain depends on many physical and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and chronic pain in adult referring to health centers in Yazd, Iran.
This descriptive study conducted on 397 adults aged between 31 and 87years. The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale -21(DASS-21) was used to measure depression, anxiety and stress. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain severity. Six psychologists were employed to collect data. The datawere analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Totally397individuals with mean age of 61.52±11.52completed the study. The results showed 74% of participants (N=295) were suffering from chronic pain. The majority of participants (N=164, 41.3%) complained from knee pain. This study showed 68.8% of studied adult (N=277) suffered from mild to severe anxiety. There were positive significant relationship between chronic pain and anxiety.
This study concluded that chronic pain may cause psychological disordersas anxiety. This study recommended that individuals suffering from chronic pain should be assessed in terms of psychological problems.