نشریه مطالعات اجتماعی گردشگری
سال پنجم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1396)

An important dimension of consumer behavior is making impulsive decisions. These decisions are shaped by a quick decision process, resulting from excitement and emotion. Impulsive traveling is one of the immediate behaviors in which a tourist travels to somewhere for which he or she has not carefully planned. There are many reasons behind this kind of behavior in tourism, including going to see somewhere for fun; pressures from friends, peers and family members; undeclared internal motivations; or even encouragement from destinations with different marketing tools. This paper examined the impact of children’s participation, in family decision-making, on the emotions of the decision maker in the family and the impulsive travel plans they made. The conceptual model is based on literature and research background, which showed relationship between variables (youth insistence, decision makers’ emotions and intention to travel impulsively). For sampling and data collection, a questionnaire was distributed among 384 families that had traveled impulsively to different locations of the province of Guilan. This is an applied study, and data collection followed descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. SPSS 19 was used to analyze the descriptive data. For statistical inference, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) and Smart PLS2 software. Results showed that children’s participation in decisions affects impulsive family planning to travel. In addition, the mediating role of emotions was also confirmed showing that children that take part in family decision-making, not only increased the impulsive traveling of family members but also affected their emotions.

Ecotourism creates special opportunities to identify a wonderful aspect of nature, provides new information for tourists, and improves the living conditions of the host society. Since the Hormuz Island has a great capability in ecotourism, it can attract a large number of eco-tourists. Identifying and analyzing the friendly networks between eco-tourists and local people of Hormuz Island are the main aims of this study to investigate such relationship and their social effects. Upon conducting interviews and completing questionnaires by selected people, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, network’s analysis, and Visone’s software. Investigating the social relations between eco-tourists and local people showed that the formation of an informal friendly relationship and cooperation between the inhabitants and eco-tourists of Hormuz Island positively influenced ecotourism. Created social networks helped ecotourism continue in Hormuz Island and would have desirable economic and environmental effects for local people and Hormuz Island. This can have positive consequences such as increasing ecotourism development, sustainable ecotourism, and better ecotourism recognition for Hormuz Island inside and outside of Iran.

This paper tries to identify the dimensions and indicators of entrepreneurial marketing in the hotel industry by establishing a link between three areas of marketing, entrepreneurship and the hotel industry. The research method is a qualitative exploratory method. To gather data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 senior hotel managers in Tehran to discover the dimensions and indicators of entrepreneurial marketing in the hotel industry. The results of the interviews showed that the dimensions of the entrepreneurial marketing comprised 62 indicators and eleven dimensions of “risk management,” “innovativeness,” “proactiveness,” “customer orientation,” “competitor orientation,” “opportunity orientation,” “pioneerism,” “networking,” “being updated,” “supply and participation” and “value creation.” The review and critique comparison of the result in manufacturing, retail, food and information technology industry indicated that the dimensions and indicators of the concept of entrepreneurial marketing in the hotel industry were different from non-tourism and hospitality businesses.

In recent years, environmental issues have received greater attention within academic circles and society. They have also become a major social issue for larger numbers of people than ever before. Thus, the role of gender is emphasized in environmental orientation. The present study tried to examine the effective factors on the environmentalist behaviors of tourists in Fars. From the tourists who visited the province of Fars, 260 tourists were selected using the Cochran test. To enhance the credibility of findings, stratified random sampling was used and questionnaires were proportionally completed. All collected data were processed by SPSS software and were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that the highest total effects in tourists were the environmentalist behaviors and the lowest total effect was the ascription of responsibility.

This research identified and mapped a model of critical factors to realize the green supply chain of tourism industry. Studying the literature and research background, effective factors on the emergence of the green supply chain were identified. In the quantitative phase, 100 stakeholders from the tourism industry were selected and were surveyed to identify critical factors in the green supply chain of the tourism industry. Questionnaires were used for data gathering. To analyze the research data, using the statistical analysis and t-test, the coefficient of the significance of the components was determined. To prioritize the indicators and their cause and effect, the Fuzzy Dematel technique was used in the second phase. The results of the analysis showed that all of the 33 identified factors were critical and essential. The analysis of the factors influencing the management of suppliers showed that among the 6 factors, the following three were root causes of the green supply chain: a) providing encouraging services to the supplier to pay attention to and protect the environment; b) considering the environmental characteristics as Quality Requirements Provider; and c) holding meeting with Suppliers. Meanwhile, three other factors are short-term goals in the green supply chain. They included: a) helping suppliers to solve their environmental problems; b) paying attention to environmental principles and adhering to them in holding tenders; and c) efforts to reduce environmental impacts through the timely delivery of supply commitments.

Analyzing and describing “pilgrims’ stereotype imaginations” and “social confidence of pilgrims toward people LIVING in Mashhad” are the two important components in relationships and social interactions of the guest-host. Data were gathered through surveying, using a questionnaire. Statistical population included 310 pilgrims visiting the holy city of Mashhad. The results showed that pilgrims assume the people in Mashhad to be warm, sociable, kind, down to earth, hospitable, patient (positive stereotype imaginations) and to some extent religious and lawful (average or neutral level) and also profit-making, money lovers, stingy and mean, and unfair (negative stereotype imaginations). The level of pilgrims trust toward people in Mashhad was average. Using One-way Variable Analysis and Multiple Regression Methods, to check the hypotheses, showed that pilgrims’ stereotype imaginations had a positive meaningful relationship with the level of social confidence of people in Mashhad, and had the most effect among all measured variables. Other important, effective factors were ethnocentrism, satisfaction, social-economic status, gender, marital status, and ethnicity. Other variables that influenced stereotype imaginations of pilgrims included gender, place of residence, ethnicity, satisfaction, and ethnocentrism.

Today’s tourists are more dependent on the Internet than ever before to search for travel information. They share their travel experiences in cyberspace. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of travel stimulus variables, information search and the quality of electronic tourism services on the behavior of young consumers, aged 20 to 40 years. Participants included 182 young people from Tehran (46 male, 105 female), and were selected based on random sampling. Data were analyzed using the structural equation model with LISREL software. The findings showed that the motivation of travel had a significant indirect effect, through the quality of services, on the behavior of the users of electronic tourism services. The study found that the motivation to travel and search information indirectly and through the quality of service could affect the behavior of the consumer of electronic tourism services.