Journal of Health Reports and Technology
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Dec 2016

One of the most significant factors when reusing wastewater in agriculture is microbial quality. The present study assessed the efficiency of the Sarpol-e-Zahab and Paveh treatment plants, an extended aeration–activated sludge system and that of Qaser-e-Shirn, a constructed wetland, in removing protozoan cysts and parasite ova from municipal wastewater for the purposes of reuse in agricultural irrigation. In this six-month study, samples were collected weekly from influents and effluents of three wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). A total of 144 samples were examined by applying a modified Bailenger method using the McMaster counting slide with a pore volume of 3.0 ml. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. The results revealed that the mean removal efficacies of parasite ova and protozoan cysts for the constructed wetland were 99.7–100% and 100%, treatment plant of Paveh 97.5–100% and 100%, treatment plant of Sarpol-e-Zahab 99–100% and 100% respectively. There WTPs showed significant differences in their removal parameters (P

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. Rapid and precise typing of S. aureus is a prerequisite for epidemiological surveillance and controlling of infection caused by this bacterium. In this case, biotyping is a simple, cheap, and effective method for epidemiological investigations. A total of 143 S. aureus strains isolated from human (40 patient strains, 20 carrier strains) and bovine raw milk samples (83 strains from 7 herds) were genotypically confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and phenotypically assessed using a biotyping method to determine the possible sources of contamination. Of 143 examined strains by the biotyping method, 14 strains belonged to human ecovars, while 11, 25, and 12 strains were classified as bovine, sheep, and poultry ecovars, respectively. Meanwhile, 61 strains were found to be non-host specific (NHS) biotypes, and 20 strains were not typable by this method. The results of the present study showed that in Hamedan province, humans and bovine raw milk samples were frequently contaminated by strains belonging to the K-B-CV:C biotype. However, among host specific (HS) biotypes, sheep ecovar was the most common biotype. The results indicated possibility of transmission of different ecovars among various species.

The management of microbial contamination of burns in order to prevent sepsis is a routine requirement of acute care that led to the development of different therapeutic agents for topical use. This study was performed with the aim to compare the effects of topical honey dressing versus silver sulfadiazine dressing for the treatment of burn wounds contaminated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This animal study was performed in the central laboratory of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. A total of 40 Hindi pigs were randomly divided into two groups of honey and silver sulfadiazine. After six hours of the inoculation of 108 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the area of burn wound, in the honey group, the wound was dressed with honey, and in the silver sulfadiazine group, the wound was dressed with silver sulfadiazine. Then, after 30 daily dressings, the extent of the remaining wound was measured, and the results were compared between two groups. A P

The struggle for the treatment of infertility has long been a major issue in medicine. But fertility rate naturally decreases in women with age and also in those using Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to determine fertility rate in women undergoing ART and aged > 38 years. In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients with infertility aged > 38 years, who had referred to Mashhad Montaserieh hospital for treatment by IVF from 2009 to 2014, were evaluated. The results were evaluated using a questionnaire including age of the patient and her husband, the cause and duration of infertility, spermogram, the number of treatment cycles, the number of used ampoules, the number of retrieved oocytes, the number of transferred embryos, the result of treatment, and the results of pregnancy. The analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software, T-test, and Chi-square test. A value of P

Obesity is considered as one of the global health challenges, which is increasing at an alarming rate in the 21st century. Identifying factors which affect obesity and determining the exact amount of the impact of each of these factors, including health literacy level, can play a significant role in preventing and reducing obesity. This study, therefore, aimed to identify these factors and to determine their role in preventing and reducing obesity. This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted in the year 2015 on 204 members of the Kermanshah Medical University staff. The sampling procedure was proportional stratified sampling. To collect the data, Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) questionnaire and demographic information checklist were used. The weight and height of the staff were measured using digital electronic scale and measuring tape. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 19. The chances of being obese, recorded as 10.2 (2.9–37.1), increased with age. A significant relationship was also found between the marital status of the staff and their chances of being overweight and obese. The chance of being obese in married staff was 2.5 (1.3–4.8). The average health literacy level in women (83.7 ± 9.6) was more than that of the men (80.6 ± 11.1) (P

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a common pathogenic background and shares many risk factors such as hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary factors and body composition in NAFLD suffering patients. A case-control study designed, 250 patients (n = 125 in each group) were studied. Data was collected using a Body Impedance Analyzer and FFQ questionnaires. The data were analyzed in Stata-11 using the Mann-Whitney test, a t-test, and logistic regression. The Mean BMI was 30.41 ± 5.7 and 26.41 ± 3.8 kg/m2 in the case and control groups, respectively (p = 0.001). In patients with NAFLD, 44.7% showed a BMI over 30 (obese), and in the control group it was 12.5%. The amount of protein intake in the case and control groups was 87.74 ± 52.10 and 97.007 ± 75.55 g/d (P = 0.02), respectively. Fiber intake was 23.12 ± 14.57 g/d in the case group and 25.74 ± 34.71 g/d in the control group (P = 0.3). Vitamin E intake in 69.7% of NAFLD and 74.78% of control group was lower than the RDA recommended level. The study showed that NAFLD subjects have a higher BMI than healthy individuals. Obesity and the low intake of vitamin E, protein, and fiber can be a predicting factor of the incidence or progression of fatty liver.

Various processes for the extraction of metals from solid waste including hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy have been reported. These processes require large amounts of chemicals, high operating cost and also are difficult and complicated operation with low recovery. Legislation on environmental protection and increased environmental concerns limit the application of these technologies. It is essential to develop new technologies for extracting metals from solid waste that have higher recovery rates and also decreased pollution [1]. In place of traditional extraction methods, it is possible to use bioleaching to recover valuable metals from solid waste. Bioleaching has the advantage of simplicity, low energy input, low capital cost, mild operating conditions, does not require specialized labor and is environmentally friendly [2,3]. It is based on the interaction of microorganisms with metal sources for the transformation of organic or inorganic acids (protons), oxidation and reduction reactions and the excretion of complexing agents. Bioleaching uses mesophile, moderate thermophile and extreme thermophile bacteria to dissolve metals from solid waste. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Thiobacillus thioparus are the most common bacteria used in bioleaching. Additionally, some species of fungi like Aspergillus niger, Penicillium simplicissimum and Penicillium chrysogenum have been successfully employed in bioleaching of various heavy and valuable metals from solid wastes [3, 4].

The aim of present study was paper waste production from automated teller machine (ATM) banking systems of Kermanshah City, Iran. Based on interviews and check lists data collection was perfromed analyzed thorough employed of Excel software. The amounts of wieght of wasted paper were determained by transcation rate and the average wieght of an ATM reciption paper. Acording to results is can be conclueded that the Meli and Ansar banks are highest paper waste production wieght, 225 and 188.5 g, respectively. Average paper prodcution wieght was 76.5 g for each ATM system per day. Also, the higher transaction rates were obsreved at the end and the First days of week and month. To study the paper production rate, higher amounts were determaind in February, March and April.