Journal of Health Reports and Technology
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Jan 2019

Skeletal disorders affect the individual’s physical fitness and outcome in everyday life and athletic activities. The study examined the prevalence of different disorders of lower body among male students of lower-secondary education. A sample of 390 male lower-secondary education students in Kermanshah was selected using cluster sampling. The variables examined were muscle length shortening, supinated foot, hallux valgus, pes cavus, flat foot, genu varum, knock knees, genu recurvatum, and Knee flextion. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the students were 13.70.5 years, 40.783.05 kg for weight, and 150.016.6 cm for height. Data were collected through physical examinations of the lower limb using New York test, padscope, caliper and determination of body type using Sheldon’s method. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Only 18.93% of the students examined had normal condition, whereas 81.07% of them had one of the abnormalities in the lower limbs. Knee flexion with 3.85% and supinated leg with 4.1% had the lowest and hallux valgus and genu varum with 53.85% and 38.72%, respectively, had the highest prevalence. Regarding body types, 61.8% of the students had ectomorph, 21.79% endomorph,
and 16.41% mesomorph body types. The resultsshowedthat largerandmoremobile joints have less resistanceandmorevulnerabilitycomparedto smaller joints, whose motion range is limited by more muscles and strong ligaments. The lowest incidence rates of abnormalities were related to congenital abnormalities and abnormalities with high prevalence rates, mainly due to the lack of attention to proper shoes and the activity form of the organs involved with large joints.

Because of the dramatic rise in mental disorders after Kermanshah earthquake among earthquake survivors of all age groups, paying attention to the mental health of survivors and identifying their mental disorders such as depression are highly essential. Thus, there is a need for valid screening measures for the common mental conditions among the earthquake survivors. This study aimed to validate the Kurdish version of Beck depression inventory (BDI) among the earthquake survivors of Kermanshah. First, the Kurdish version of BDI was prepared using the forward-backward method. Then, the prepared BDI questionnaire was distributed among 138 earthquake survivors selected through the stratified random sampling method in Javanrud and Salas cities of Iran. The reliability and internal consistency of the Kurdish version of BDI were evaluated using the test-retest correlation coefficient and infraclass correlation coefficient. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18. The Kurdish version of BDI had desirable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.66 to 0.89), test–retest reliability (r = 0.86), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.66) and discriminant validity among earthquake survivors with depression symptoms as the clinical samples and the control group (mean BDI = 14.43 vs. 7.76; P 0.001). This study indicated that the Kurdish version of the BDI-21 is a valid, reliable and appropriate instrument to be used as a depression screening measure among the Kurdish population of Kermanshah.

Given that evaluating and diagnosing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is an important step towards preventing labor disorders, The present study was conducted to determine the degree of MSDs in tailors in the city of Kermanshah, Iran. The present descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in winter 2018 on 150 randomly-selected tailors in the city of Kermanshah. The status of neck, waist, shoulder, wrist, ankle, hip, knee and elbow was evaluated using the Nordic questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed in SPSS using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The mean age of the tailors was 41.913.1 years. A total of 59.33 % of the tailors were male, and the men and women were significantly different in terms of MSDs (P < 0.05). A weekly study reported neck, shoulder, waist, wrists, elbows, thighs, knees and ankles disorders to involve 49.7%, 41.6%, 55%, 40%, 11.4%, 25%, 43.6% and 42.66% of the tailors, respectively. The most prevalent injuries recorded in an annual examination were respectively associated with the waist (65.33%), neck (64.66%) and shoulder (56%). In the previous year, 52% of the samples had suffered from pain and discomfort in at least one of the eight areas cited. The results of the present study found marital status, working hours and exercise to be the most significant variables affecting MSDs in the tailors. MSDs were found to be highly prevalent in especially the upper extremity of the sewing profession population. Optimizing the working condition of tailors is therefore crucial.

Escherichia coli is one of the most important intestinal pathogens, which is transmitted to humans through food and has significant effects on the quality of food products, including pastry cream. Its presence in food is considered an indicator of fecal contamination. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli in pastry cream prepared in Hamadan, Iran. The pastry cream samples (n, 350) were randomly purchased from confectionery suppliers, located in different districts of Hamadan. Forty-seven out of 350 samples contained E. coli. The bacteria were identified after culturing the samples in a nutrientbroth- enriched medium and solid media, such as violet red bile agar (VRBA), eosin methylene blue (EMB), and nutrient agar (NA), to identify bacteria isolated by the linear method. The samples were then incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. The results of antibiotic tests showed the highest resistance to tetracycline, vancomycin, oxacillin (100%), and penicillin (72.34%) and the highest sensitivity to chloramphenicol (78.23%), ciprofloxacin (76.59%), and nalidixic acid (61.70%). According to the present findings and similar research from Iran, the rate of E. coli resistance to antibiotics is high. To avoid the contamination of pastry cream by these bacteria, sometechniques, including cold chainmanagement, employee personal hygiene, use of healthy raw materials, and proper thermal processes, should be adopted.

Cyanobacteria are the most important group of algae. Many factors are involved in the rapid growth of algae such as phosphorus and nitrogen contents. The current study aimed at evaluating the effect different phosphorus concentrations on the growth rate of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii during the aquatic life. The experiment was carried out for 12 days at three phosphorus concentrations and one control group in Zehnder 8 and Blue-Green 11 media. The rates of cell division per day (G) and specific growth rate () were separately estimated for each group. Cyanobacterium was tested at three phosphorus concentrations; 150, 300, and 600 g/L. The current study results showed that increasing phosphorus concentration had a significant effect on the growth of C. raciborskii in some particular days of cultivation. The maximum growth rate (0.9 per day) was observed at 7 g/L phosphorus concentration. Phosphorus was a limiting factor and contributed to the removal of toxins from the alga and its blooming. The maximum growth rate was observed in the group treated on the day 8 of cultivation with phosphorus concentration of 300 g/L.