فصلنامه ادبیات و زبانهای محلی ایران زمین
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 20، تابستان 1397)

Onomatopoeic words are names referred to sounds made by animals, birds, human beings, and nature. They are similar to the sounds they are described; In fact, in these kinds of words, the relation between form and meaning is natural. However, there are varieties among onomatopoeic words in different languages, sometimes they are rooted in different structures of the languages and in some cases indicating their cultural diversities. In this study, structures and semantics of the onomatopoeic words in Gilaki and Rashti dialects are studied. Thus, 138 onomatopoeic words have been extracted from two Gilaki glossaries and two Gilaki native-speakers who are almost 60 years-old, and the findings are presented in four tables based on their significance. Then, according to morphological forms of the onomatopoeic words, they are classified in three primary groups as simple, complete reduplication and partial one, and two secondary groups such as re-reduplication and discrete reduplication. Finally, in comparison with Persian onomatopoeias, it has been shown that from a structural perspective, there are many similarities between the onomatopoeias of the two languages; but from a semantic-pragmatic viewpoint, there are some differences which can be explained by cultural and geographical differences between Gilaki and Persian languages in most cases.

Metonymies and Proverbs in two languages open a new horizon for the contact recovering and culture relations for both nations in ancient eras. Backgrounds and features of a language hold insight and knowledge of predecessors. In fact, by considering the proverbs of a language, they can adapt to attitude that is common among antecedents of languages and cultures. In this study, we have chosen certain North Taleshi proverbs of Anbaran zone and compared with Persian one for recognizing the similar roots of these two languages. They are analogous to each other and they have similarities of ancient language and literature made current verbal forms; so, we could choose them from daily talking words. Then, they were adapted with Persian proverbs dictionary. Consequently, these both languages have the same ancient backgrounds regarding culture and language relation and both of them used separately and grew and developed gradually.

Southern Kurdish dialects or (kermanshahi-Ilami) dialects are one of the four main Kurdish dialects (Kermanji, Soranji, Orami-Ghoran, and Southern Kurdish dialect) divided to too many sub-dialects. In this study, we have analyzed the features of grammatical points and etymological reference of grammar of these dialects with the emphasis on differences. Thus, firstly, we have identified Kurdish language and its dialects, then, we have described etymological grammar of these dialects.
This study has been conducted by library study method and descriptive-analytical approach. According to the findings, these three dialects have very close associations with each other and in some grammatical points they meet the similarities. But among them, there are some differences mostly appeared in verb etymology, usage of pronouns, adverbs usage, prepositions, and prefixes. These differences often occurred in changes of some letters. These differences caused these dialects varieties and also the independency and appearance of particular grammatical system of them.

Songs are of delicate poetic styles which have oral and written antiquities and they are common in various Iranian languages and dialects including Hendijani dialect. This study aims to investigate and analyze five local songs which are sung in marriage ceremonies in Hendijan region and briefly the significance of wedding is discussed. In this way, we can record these songs in order to save and keep this valuable dialect. These songs were gathered based on field method in which we have interviewed with old people from North and South Hendijan and surrounding villages including Karim Abad, Chamtang, Chelmani, Derihak, and Qorabi. These local songs do not have any certain poets and they demonstrated the feelings of close relatives of the bride and bridegroom and they are expressed by skillful women of families and by this process we could find out the living style, tradition, and ideology of ancient people in Hendijan. These local songs are about to fade due to media and technology development. These songs have significant share in anthropology and native cultural and structural forms of each country so recording them seems to be necessary.

Language is changing as a social phenomenon and in this changing process some dialects resist against some historical changes and ancient forms may still be used by native speakers. In this research, we hypothesize that there are some lexical and phonological middle Persian remnants in Kermani dialect. The research zone is kerman city and informants are selected from upper 50 years old native people of kerman city. Lexical middle Persian remnants include words which are used in Kermani dialect in the same way as middle Persian. Of course, some of them bear some tiny phonological and semantic changes. Phonological data include some middle Persian phonemes in Kermani dialect that are changed or deleted in new Persian language. The findings indicate that Kermani dialect resists against some lexical and phonological changes from middle Persian and this means that kermani dialect as a southeastern dialect of central Iranian dialects is old and ancient one.

In this paper, Turkish Dialect of Germi will be examined (in Moghan, Ardebil Province). It’s based on the framework of remarkable typologists named Comrie (1989) Greenberg (1974). The aim is to study and describe the typological properties in different syntactic phrases. Regarding the language varieties and corruption of many dialects and languages, it’s necessary to study them. I attempt to gather and look into them to determine how they arrange in a sentence. The goal is to know how they arrange in different phrases and finally recognize the word order in this language. The data analysis shows that in this language, the word order is SOV (subjectꆸ��窶); this is the unmarked and basic order of constituents. So the subject and the object are located before verb; preposition and adjective are located before noun like other SOV order. The word order changing can manifest the information, focused on the position of the sentence.