مجله جامعه شناسی نهادهای اجتماعی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

The transition from young-ages to adulthood usually accords with the education accomplishment, entry into the labour market, housing, marriage and family formation. However, the contemporary societies in the world including Iran have mostly experienced substantial changes in the structure of family, education, and the labour market. As a result, these changes have affected the process of transition from young-ages towards adulthood.This study uses the concept of ‘frozen transitions’ in Iran over the recent decades. The underlying conclusion of this study refers to the fact that the process of transition from young-ages towards adulthood in Iran has faced substantial changes, suggesting that the transition process has been interrupted and postponed. This underlying conclusion applies to all aspects of the transition process from young-ages towards adulthood: education accomplishment, entry into the labour market, housing, marriage and family formation.

Illegal bird-hunting has devastating effects both on the species’ life and on a society’s economy. This also exists in Fereydunknar, which is considered in this study. Theoretically, this study employs the everyday-life theory and the theory of market demand reduction. The empirical findings of this study are based on a survey conducted in the rural areas of Fereydunknar located in the province of Mazandaran in the north of Iran. According to results of this study, the majority of the respondents (that is, about 75 per cent) accept their involvement in illegal bird-hunting. Moreover, the results suggest that the most important determinants of illegal bird-hunting are the presence or the absence of qualified guardians, substance-oriented crime, and the level of demand in the market.

This study focuses on the effects of the quality of marital life on the childbearing intention. The discussion of this paper is based on the results of a survey conducted in Tehran City. The survey includes 1232 married men and women under 49 years old who have been selected on the basis of multi-stage cluster sampling method. According to the preliminary results of this study, the childbearing desire is affected by the quality of marital life: the lower the latter, the higher the former. However, this preliminary result is not supported by multivariate analyses of this study. In addition, the results of logistic regression analyses indicate that the effect of the quality of marital life on individuals’ childbearing intention depends on their current status in terms of the number of children they already have. This means that a higher quality of marital life can lead to greater childbearing intention only amongst those who have no or one child, whereas it does not have any significant effect on childbearing intention of those who already have two or more children.

Music tourism accounts for one of the most attractive forms of tourism. In this line, local music plays a crucial role in tourists’ attraction. This is a significantly visible observation in the city of Aghqala located in Golestan province as it holds a long history in local music of Turkmen. The existing literature on this regard has largely a predominant focus on economic effects, while the socio-cultural effects have not been given sufficient attention. The present study attempts to contribute filling this research gap and a stronger emphasis is given to the socio-cultural effects of local music of Turkmen. Methodologically, this study employs the hierarchy analysis method and Expert choice software. The results of this study from experts’ perspectives indicate two key patterns. On the one hand, the most attractive aspects of local music tourism include greater levels of social proud, social participation and social beauty. On the other hand, high crime rate, heavy traffic and weakening the local dialect account for the most destructive aspects of local music tourism.

Generally speaking, it is overwhelmingly important to explore the underlying factors of the child abuse problem. This is also the key objective of the present study. It uses Bourdieu's perspective and focuses on the role of socio-economic and cultural capital on parental knowledge and practice on child abuse. The discussion of this paper is based on the results of a survey conducted in Rasht City. The survey includes 301 parents with children younger than 18 years old. According to the results of this study, parental knowledge and practice on child abuse are significantly associated with socio-economic and cultural capital. This suggests that parents with a greater level of socio-economic and cultural capital are more likely to hold higher knowledge and more appropriate practice on child abuse.

Scientific collaborations networks provide an opportunity for members to display their skills which produce a large job avenue. This study aims to identify the dynamics of scientific collaboration network that leads to job information. Theoretically, the present study employs the social network analysis approach. The results of this paper are based on a survey on a sample of 60 postgraduate students of Sociology at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The underlying conclusion of the results of this study support the fact that the level of job information is positively and significantly associated with the level of presenting the skills: those who display a greater level of their own skills are more likely to enjoy receiving a larger volume of job information in return.

This study examines the lived experience and perception of agents active in the housing market. This is a qualitative and exploratory study. The results of this study are based on the technique of deep interview with 22 individuals active in the housing market. Theoretically, this study employs the grounded theory developed by Strauss and Corbin. According to the results of this study, some of the most important prerequisites include economic and political events in macro and international levels, socio-economic and political changes in national level, legal structure in macro and national level. Moreover, the most important obstacles include the lack of transparency, the boom or the bust of rival markets, the lack of institutional coordination, the disturbance in legal orders, the inefficient management, and the lack of optimal allocation of financial resources.

Public sphere is part of social life that enables people to come together, discuss freely their social problems and play effectively political actions. The modern communication technologies such as social media have extended public sphere that play positive impacts on communicative action and rationality. One of the most important types of political actions is political participation through voting behavior. This study employs the method of qualitative content analysis on Telegram channels. The results of this study show that the social media of Telegram could enhance people’s political public sphere, leading to a significant impact on their political participation and voting behavior during the tenth parliamentary election in Tehran.

Generally speaking, organizations and their appropriate operations play a vital role in the modern societies. In addition, administrative transparency and organizational establishment are among the most important determinants of the quantity and quality of institutional trust. This article is based on the results of a survey on a sample of householders in Nourabad-Mamasani City. The survey examines how the individuals’ perceptions on administrative transparency and organizational establishment are associated with institutional trust. The results of this analysis indicate that people have the strongest trust towards military and security institutions, whereas the weakest trust goes towards institutions that are responsible for controlling the price of goods and services. Moreover, the results show that there is a significantly positive association between institutional trust on the one hand, and staff’s behavior, organizational establishment and quality of supervisory organizations, on the other hand. This applies to the trust toward all three types of institutions: governmental, supportive and educational, and economic services institutions. The variables included in this analysis could explain 29 per cent of variation in the trust towards governmental institutions, 19 per cent of variation in the trust towards economic services institutions, and 12 per cent of variation in the trust towards supportive and monitoring institutions.

The local communities have witnessed substantial resilience throughout the history. In this context, the present study deals with these key research questions: what are the main challenges of local communities? What are the main factors affecting the vulnerability and resilience in the local communities? The historical experiences show that, on the one hand, some societies have been able to maintain their cultural characteristics against external changes imposed by such factors as modernization and urbanization. On the other hand, some societies have failed to sustain their cultural characteristics against the external changes. This study focuses on the Fereydunkenar wetland in Mazandaran province as an example of local community and examines how it faces with challenges and whether it can preserve its locality against external changes. The present research employs the methods of quantitative study and scale analysis. The results of this study reveal the new challenges and resilience of this local community.

The institution of family in Iran is changing substantially that can be tracked through such characteristics as an increasing trend in family instability. This can be partly associated with the changes in individuals’ value system. This study relies on a survey that includes a sample of 388 individuals in Hamadan City. They belong to varying generations born in the past decades in order to highlight the intergenerational variations associated with family instability. This study employs the theory of value system developed by Ingelhart. The results of this study indicate that there is not significant relationship between values system and attitudes towards family stability across generations. Moreover, secular-rational aspects of values system and attitudes towards family stability across generations are insignificantly correlated. However, the results of this study support the fact that there is a significant relationship between traditional aspects of values system and attitudes towards family stability across generations

Generally speaking, although citizens’ participation in the urban management has received increasing credit and attention since the 20th century, it is mainly a modern phenomenon. This study primarily aims to examine the key determinants associated with citizens’ participation in urban management. The results of this study are based on a survey that has been conducted in Amol City that includes a sample of 352 individuals. The results of this analysis show that the participation rate of the citizens in the urban management is below the medium level. Further, only the rate of social participation is fairly high, whereas the other aspects of participation including political, intellectual, financial and physical participations are below the medium level. Moreover, the results of logistic regression analyses show that citizens’ participation in the urban management is significantly associated with four key determinants: associative membership, knowledge, powerlessness, and socio-economic status.

Iranian women have faced substantial socio-economic changes in the last decades, which provided opportunities to change gender beliefs and production of new generations of women. The aim of the present study is to examine the different attitudes of women towards gender roles, based on Mannheim and Giddens` theory. A survey method was used and data was gathered based on a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was all women older than 18 years living in Rasht City, among them 384 were selected by the stratified and random sampling methods. According to the findings, respondents were divided into three generations: the war and revolution generation, the post-war generation, and the generation of nuclear events. The results indicate the difference between the attitudes of different generations and even by controlling the structural and demographic factors, it was found that the women of the post-war generation affected by cognitive areas, had the most modern attitudes towards gender roles. According to Mannheim`s generational approach, there is a significant relationship between the generational experience and the attitudes of generations.

Each year on 17th December people from different cultures and religions come and participate at Mevlana Jalal ad-DinRumi mausoleum rituals, called Shab-e Arus, to pay their respects to him. During pilgrimage as well as organized and informal rituals that take place in commemoration of Rumi death anniversary as the well-known poet and mystic of 13th century, a form of tolerance emerges. As such, the point of departure for this article is the perception of pilgrimage space as the space of connections, where an arena for social and cultural interactions is created, that resulted in formation of a cultural tolerance. In other words, presence in the pilgrimage space and different rites has led to interactions that result in acceptance and understanding of the other, which thereby reinforces culture of tolerance. The cultural area and case study of this research is 744th ritual of commemoration of Rumi, formally called “time of Brotherhood”, that held on 7-17 December 2017 in Konya, Turkey. The paper discussed the rituals of pilgrimage of his tomb share characteristics with what Victor Turner discussed as modern pilgrimage. Accordingly, this article elucidates the role of pilgrimage sites as the center and source of cultural coexistence involved in transnational identities. It emphasizes that such pilgrimage centers create a peaceful coexistence in an intercultural space instead of conflict between groups of people.

Based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork from 2004 to 2006 among a range of Iranian organizations in Washington, D.C., this article argues that the studied organizations were engaged, without being always necessarily aware of it or formulating it as such, in what we may call an “ethos transplant:” a transformation of “Iranian character” and political culture to make it more susceptible to “democracy;”a subject-making project in the Foucauldian sense. We trace this medicalized discourse about “national traits” and “political culture” to the 19th century and review several outbursts of this approach in the Iranian and international scene thenceforth. Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel, Dracula, is discussed at length as the epitome of this kind of approach

A controversial and comprehensive debate that has resulted in numerous discursive clashes in Iran pertains to the presence of women at stadiums during male soccer matches. Different discourse systems have expressed their own contradictory and opposite stances in terms of whether Iranian women have the right to attend such events inside or outside the stadium, ranging from different notions of ritual pollution and moral threats to gender equality and women rights in public spheres and spaces. When the debate is considered more in depth, a question arises about the female representation of national identity in Iran: What is the status and role of the female body in symbolic demonstration of the national body of Iranian society as a kind of social body? It seems that there is a discursive debate about the symbolic representation of female body in public sphere in Iran. To provide further insight into this question, ethnographic methods, participant observations and different models of interviews (focus and nominal interviews) were employed in the fields and cultural areas under study. The purpose of this article is to examine the systems of discourses about the allowance or prohibition of the presence of women at soccer stadiums and the cultural foundations and backgrounds that have given shape to these discourses over recent decades.

This paper examines intergenerational transmission associated with population dynamics from sociological approach. The discussion is based on the analysis of observations in a country that has experienced substantial changes in family formation resulting in one of the world's most spectacular falls in women's birth rate ever experienced in human history: Iran. Facing fundamental historical experiences and substantial socio-cultural changes over the past decades, the context of this study acts as a unique ‘social laboratory’ to survey the intergenerational comparisons. The results of this analysis show substantial intergenerational transmission, which provide new evidence to support Sauvey's (1978) and Weeks's (1994) socio-demographic investigations in some other developing countries