مجله بلاغت کاربردی و نقد بلاغی
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1395)

This text is studing one of Elyas Alavi's poem- the contemporery persian poet from Afghanestan.

The semantic deviation is one of the methods of foregrounding, in which the poet uses two methods of replacement and collocation due to the semantic principles. Regarding to this fact that this field is mostly applied in other levels of language in order to foregrounding, every poet who succeeds in this field due to the scientific ability, is able to create the novice poems in which Mohammad Ali Bahmani is one of the contemporary, capable poets. This study has concerned with the different semantic deviations such as simile, irony, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox and synesthesia in Mohammad Ali Bahmani’s poems. The results show that there are 554 cases of semantic deviations in Mohammad Ali Bahmani’s poems, among which there are 191 cases, metaphor, 170 cases, are similie,116 cases, oxymoron,32 cases, synesthesia, 24 cases, paradox,11 cases, irony,6 cases, metonymy and two cases, equivoque. as it is visible that the most frequent deviation can be found in Mohammad Ali Bahmani’s poems, therefore the most affective figurative language are simile, metaphor, and oxymoron and the least frequent cases are equivoque.

The aim of this study is decoding the symbols used in the childish poems of Jafar Ebrahimi; to achieve the goal of research, the required information has studied after visiting the sources of information related to the subject, exploring different documents and taking notes by using descriptive-analytical method. The symbol is one of the artistic imagery that reflects the mental images and mentions layers beyond the literal meaning of the word or phrase. The literary technique used in poetry for children less because of companion with the mental association and images that are hard to understand; however, Ebrahimi’s poems are full of symbols that not only make no problem to understand meaning, also answer the child's emotional needs and lead inner conflicts to unity. There are two kinds of symbols in Ebrahimi’s poetry: literary symbol and psychological symbol. Psychological symbol is a reflection of the child's emotional behavior in the poem and it has physiological role in children; this kind of symbol often influences on children unconsciously. literary symbol are the symbols that poet uses them due to the dynamics and interpretable of poetry till examine power of evokes the child's mind and cause to search his mind.

Babafaghani and Vahshibafghi are two Iranian stylistic poets who have played significant roles in the history of Persian lyrics; hence, for thorough analysis of their lyrics, the present descriptive- analytic article has a look at the most brilliant musical manifestations of poetry- rhyme, arud, and radif- in the odes of these two great poets. It must be noted that in terms of external music, the poets have a lot in common enjoying close taste and interest in choosing meters and rhythms. All selected weights of these poets are among the most eloquently melodic and usable weights in Persian poetry, in a way that even a disagreeable and low use of weights is not seen in their ghazal collections. The key point is that the selected weights of both poets have a close proximity with the concepts raised in the poems. The important point is that the meter of both poets is closely linked with the concepts and themes raised in their poems. Yet, from the lateral music point of view, it should be reminded that in Vahshibafghi, the highly frequent vowels are more melodious, whereas Babafaghani 's radifs with their lengthy combinations are musically more valuable.

Kelile and Demne consists of some narrations its heroes are animals having human role and characteristics. This property of Kelile and Demne is a good ground to study and analyze points of its narration from the point of view of narratology. On this basis, this research using Linvelt’s narratology studies lion, fox and donkey narration of Kelile and Demne simplified by Agita Mohammadzade, showing that stories of Kelile and Demne which abstract narrator to suggest specific message t child addressees is meaningful discourse in which a certain narrative program forms and generally aims to account for, what is abstract narrator function in reproduction of these theories and how meaning is produced? Results show that abstract narrator by stratifying text a kind of liquidity and dynamism are created in the text which suggests ideology and making close or far the abstract addressee to social, cultural and ethical beliefs.

The concept of process, including constant and variable evenly and so is more generally from two concepts of form and structure that included only constants. to date, the process analysis is a hypothesis, because it is used in science and industry, however, still does not have a comprehensive approach. However, the concept of process is Consistent with the reality of the phenomena of the world and more applications for Knowledge of these phenomena that have the two sides have fixed and variable. The article present introduces the method of process analysis and then classification the figures of poetry based on that. This article, therefore, subsumes the Poetic figures In ten major categories: lingual, logic, Imaginary, parapsychological, Industrial, arithmetic, symmetry, commitment, acoustic, visual, sensibility, information, rhythmic, rhyme scheme, formatic, stylistic, musical, intertextuality and generic.