پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1395)

The present research has been done in order to investigate the role of transformational leadership in decreasing employees` cynicism in a descriptive method. Considering this and according to the importance of positive psychology debates and its applications in organizational behavior and also with regard to the role of employees` psychological characteristics in influencing by organizational leaders, the mediating role of positive organizational behavior variables including psychological capital and psychological empowerment have been studied in aforementioned relationship. According to simple random sampling 130 employees of Social Security Organization in Qom province were selected. Research tools for gathering data consisted of Bass transformational leadership, Luthans, Yousef, and Avolio psychological capital, Spreitzer psychological empowerment, and Qian organizational cynicism questionnaires. Research conceptual framework was tested applying the base of partial least squares. Findings showed that transformation leadership, psychological capital, and psychological empowerment can be effective in decreasing employees` cynicism. Moreover, positive organizational behavior variables played as a mediating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and employees` cynicism. Therefore, paying attention to dimensions of transformational leadership, psychological empowerment and psychological capital and trying to improve them with emphasis on all of the managers and employees across different levels may have a significant effect on decreasing employees` cynicism and even on preventing it.

The career adaptability is increasingly intermingled with success in workplace. Accordingly, the aim of this study was investigating the role of psychological capital (self efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency) in predicting of career adaptability in employees of industrial centers. This is a descriptive, (correlational) study, in which 230 employees of industrial centers were selected via accessible sampling method. They completed career adaptability questionnaire, optimism–pessimism questionnaire, resiliency questionnaire, adult hope scale, and general self efficacy questionnaire. The data was analyzed through step by step regression. The result showed that hope, self-efficacy, resiliency and optimism were significantly associated with career adaptability. Also self-efficacy, hope, and resiliency specified 56.3 percents of variance of career adaptability. It can be deducting that through psychological capital training, the career adaptability of people can be enhanced, in such a way that they can adjust themselves with different changes and look for a new way for to go on with their desirable career.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive group psychotherapy on resiliency, happiness and general health in Women with substance dependent spouse. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up with the control group. The sample was comprised of women whom their spouse were referred to addiction clinic. Twenty-four women were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Both groups were assessed by Davidson Resilience Scale, Peterson happiness directions questionnaires and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Positive group psychotherapy was conducted on the experimental group for 14 sessions, each session lasting 90-minutes. The data was analyzed with ANCOVA. The findings indicated that the mean scores of post-test in the experimental groups on resilience, happiness, and public health, was significantly higher than the mean scores of post-test in control group. Benferroni test was indicating the stable effect of therapy. According to the findings, it can be said that group positive psychotherapy was effective in promoting resiliency, happiness, and general health of women with the dependent drug spouses.

This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence training on subjective well-being in gifted students of high school. Twenty four students were selected randomly by a multistage cluster sampling method, and were assigned to experimental and control groups. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group. Spiritual intelligence training for the experimental group was arranged in seven sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. The control group received no training. Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin life satisfaction test (SWLS), and Watson positive and negative affect questionnaire were used to gather the data. The data was analyzed through covariance analysis. The results showed that spiritual intelligence training had a significant effect on positive subjective well-being; however, there was no significant effect on negative affect and life satisfaction in students.

The present study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of the Flourishing Scale and its standardization among a sample consisting of 504 female students in third grade of high school students in the high schools of Tehran in the academic year 2014-2015. They were selected by a multistage stratified sampling method. Cronbach alpha coefficient, test-retest reliability, content validity, concurrent validity (Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale), and construct validity were considered in an attempt to investigate the psychometric properties of the inventory. After confirming its content validity, it was found that the reliability of the Flourishing Scale obtained via Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest techniques were 0.84 and 0.83 respectively. In addition, concurrent validity was obtained as 0.73 using Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale. Moreover, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this scale has a factor with favorable goodness of fit indices (GFI). Finally it should be mentioned that, the Flourishing Scale has had favorable reliability and validity, and it can be used to measure the Flourishing Scale especially in positive psychological studies among high school students at the same age rage.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of positive thinking training in enhancement of quality and hope of life among the elderly. The research design was quasi experimental with pretest- posttest, two month follow up with control group. The research sample was consisted of fifty elderly adults who were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned into two groups (25 subjects in experimental group and 25 in control group). The experimental group received eight session of positive thinking training, each session lasting 90 minutes, for 2 months. The control group received no treatment. At the end of training sessions, and two months after that, post-test follow up were conducted. To collect the data, Ware, and Gandek Quality of Life (SF-36) questionnaire and Adults Hope Scale (AHS) were used. In order to analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance and analysis of covariance were used. The results showed that the training of positive thinking was effective in enhancement of quality of life and hope of life among the elderly adults, both in post-test and follow up stages. Therefore, it can be suggested that the program recommend to elderly people in an attempt to enhance hope and quality of life.