پژوهش نامه روانشناسی مثبت
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، زمستان 1395)

Perfectionism as a multidimensional personality trait is related to anxiety symptoms. There are many factors that could affect the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and anxiety symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of ego strength on the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and anxiety symptoms. Two hundred and sixty eight students (144 females, 124 males) from the University of Tehran participated in this study. All Participants were asked to complete Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Ego Strength Scale (ESS).The results revealed that there was significant positive and negative association between other-oriented/socially prescribed perfectionism and self-oriented perfectionism with anxiety symptoms, respectively. There was a significant negative association between ego strength and anxiety symptoms. The relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and anxiety symptoms was mediated by ego strength. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the relationship between dimensions of perfectionism and anxiety symptoms is not a linear and one dimensional correlation. Ego strength can play a meditational role between the two.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intrapersonal communication competencies (ICC) that encourage positive and effective relationships in organizations, as well as identification of its components and determination of the quality of interaction between them, from the perspective of academic experts; by using interpretive structural methodology (ISM). The sample comprised of 17 academic experts who were selected using snowball sampling. Research tools for gathering data was a researcher made matrix table. Findings showed that 9 important components of ICC were Self-awareness, positive self-concept, positive self-talk, self-esteem, self-confidence, optimism, imagination interactions, self-management, and having a frame of reference. By using interpretive structural methodology, these were placed at 4 different levels of interaction. The results of power and dependence diagram analysis showed that having a frame of reference, positive self-concept, and self-esteem which were placed in influence area were more effective than other components on intrapersonal communication competencies. Then, self-awareness, self-confidence, optimism, positive self-talk, and imagination interactions which were placed in linkage area were important components of intrapersonal communication competencies. Self-management also was placed on the dependent area; and none of the components were placed on the autonomous area. In general, the results showed that the components of intrapersonal communication competencies at different levels have effects on each other, and changes in the quality of each component cause changes in quality of other components at the same level as well as the next levels, which in turn cause changes in the quality of positive and effective organizational relationships.

This study sought to determine the contribution of the variables of parenting style and emotional intelligence to happiness of high school students. The sample of the study was 345 students in Noorabad Mamasani, chosen through multi-stage random cluster sampling. For the purpose of data collection, three questionnaires were used, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire by Petrides and Furnham and Parenting Style Questionnaire by Baumrind. In order to compare happiness in terms of the variable of gender, independent-samples t-test was used. The findings showed that happiness was significantly different in males and females. Moreover, the results of analysis of regression showed that parenting styles and the components of emotional intelligence had a significant effect on happiness in both males and females. In addition, authoritative parenting style, self-awareness and permissive parenting style, respectively, accounted for 50% of happiness in males. However, in females, social skills and authoritative parenting style accounted for only 17% of happiness. Generally speaking, the findings suggest that the adopted parenting styles and their emotional intelligence play a very important role in explaining happiness.

Music is a universal trait of mankind and has played a prominent role in people’s lives everywhere in the world and for all the ages. In this regard, the aim of the study was to predict tendency towards music based on meaning of life and emotional seeking. Therefore, 206 students were selected by cluster sampling from Shahid Bahonar Kerman University. The instruments were: Meaning in Life Questionnaire (Steger, Frazier, Oishi, Kaler), Zuckerman's Emotional Seeking Scales (Zuckerman & Eysenck), and a researcher made Strength of Music Questionnaire. Among all the variables, search for meaning, experience seeking and disinhibition significantly predicted the strength of music preference. According to the result, those who had a high degree of experience seeking and disinhibition, showed lower tendency toward music, and those who had higher searching for meaning indicated higher tendency towards music.

The purpose of this research was to determine the role of family functioning (FF), academic performance (EP) and peer attachment (PA) in predicting of happiness adolescent girls. Therefore, 344 high school female students in Yazd were selected through multi-stage random sampling and were asked to complete the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. Student's grade point average was considered as the measure of academic performance. The results of analysis of regression showed that all the subscales of family functioning and peers attachment and also academic performance have significant correlation with happiness yet only "the roles and relationships" of family performance and peers attachment could predict happiness. Attachment to peers was the strongest factor. However, academic performance did not have a significant role in prediction of student's happiness. In accordance with the findings of developmental psychology, peers and family are the two most important psychological constructs that have the most significant roles in predicting the happiness of adolescent girls. But academic performance did not have a significant role in predicting student's happiness, thereby it can challenge the social common belief in educational systems regarding the strong association between academic performance and well-being and happiness.

The purpose of this study was to predict couples’ happiness based on spiritual intelligence and lovemaking styles with the mediating role of marital adjustment. Therefore 360 male and female, married students living in Tehran University dormitory were randomly selected and were asked to answer the items of Sternberg’s Love Questionnaire, King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale, Oxford’s Happiness Questionnaire and Spanier’s Marital Adjustment Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (path analysis) was used for data analysis. The results of path analysis showed that spiritual intelligence and lovemaking styles have direct effects on couples’ happiness, and the spiritual intelligence did not have an indirect effect on couples’ happiness whereas lovemaking styles had indirect effects on couples’ happiness through martial satisfaction. Altogether the results of this research show that marital adjustment has a mediating role in predicting couples’ happiness based on spiritual intelligence and lovemaking styles.