فهرست مطالب

نشریه گردشگری شهری
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار 1394)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1394/03/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • تقی کریمیان*، حسنعلی فرجی سبکبار، احمد پوراحمد صفحات 1-16
    بررسی وضعیت کاربری زمین در مقاصد گردشگری اهمیت زیادی دارد، زیرا گردشگری یک فعالیت منبع پایه محسوب می شود. شناخت عوامل تاثیرگذار بر گردشگری، از جمله خدمات و تاسیسات، کمک شایانی در برنامه ریزی گردشگری می کند. شهرهای بزرگ و توریستی اغلب با مشکلات عدیده ای روبه رو هستند. قرارگیری مراکز توریستی در بافت تاریخی و سنتی شهر مشکل را دوچندان کرده است. بنابراین، جهت کاهش و پیشگیری تاثیرات منفی گردشگری لازم است برای تعیین الگوی فضایی توریستی شهر و ساماندهی فضاهای توریستی اقدام و برای تامین امکانات و خدمات شهری برنامه ای جامع تدوین کرد. وجود آثار تاریخی و باستانی فراوان در بافت سنتی و تاریخی شهر اصفهان، این شهر را به یکی از گردشگر پذیرترین شهرهای ایران تبدیل کرده است که این خود لزوم برنامه ریزی فضایی گردشگری در این شهر را دو چندان می کند. تحقیق حاضر با هدف برنامه ریزی فضایی گردشگری شهر اصفهان با تاکید بر ارتباط میان جاذبه های گردشگری و کاربری اراضی انجام شده است و با توجه به قرارگیری جاذبه های گردشگری شهر اصفهان در بافت سنتی شهر در پی پاسخگویی به این سوالات است که الگو و آرایش فضایی جاذبه های گردشگری و کاربری های اراضی شهر اصفهان چگونه است؟ آیا نظم و الگویی فضایی خاصی وجود دارد؟ جاذبه های گردشگری و کاربری های اراضی با هم در ارتباط اند یا به صورت تصادفی در فضا پراکنده شده اند؟ بنابراین برای پاسخگویی به این سوالات از شبکه شش ضلعی به منزله واحد پایه برای ترکیب داده های اولیه استفاده شده است که ابعاد آن ها 500 متر برای قطر شش ضلعی در نظر گرفته شده و در نهایت همه سطح شهر به 2383 شش ضلعی تقسیم شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی است و برای پاسخگویی به مسئله تحقیق از مدل رگرسیون وزن دار جغرافیایی استفاده شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که کشاورزی نرمال ترین شاخص است و اثرگذاری مثبت و منفی آن یکسان است. صنایع بیشترین اثرگذاری مثبت و منفی را به صورت هم زمان بر جاذبه های گردشگری گذاشته اند و باید در فضاهایی که اثرگذاری منفی است در برنامه ریزی های آینده تمهیداتی اندیشیده شود. فضاهای فرهنگی و فضای سبز بیشترین اثرات مثبت و مراکز خدمات درمانی بیشترین اثرات منفی را داشته اند. کمترین تاثیرات مربوط به شاخص های آموزشی و ادارات است.
    کلیدواژگان: اصفهان، جاذبه های گردشگری، رگرسیون وزن دار جغرافیایی، کاربری اراضی
  • میر نجف موسوی، محمد ویسیان*، سمیه محمدی حمیدی، مهناز اکبری صفحات 17-31
    در جهان امروز، صنعت گردشگری توسعه فراوانی پیدا کرده است. بسیاری از کشورهای توسعه یافته و درحال توسعه جهان توانسته اند وضعیت گردشگری و توریسم خود را بهبود بخشند و با ایجاد مشاغل خدماتی برای گردشگران ، بسیاری از مشکلات شهری، از قبیل بیکاری و پایین بودن سطح درآمد را رفع کنند. با توجه به اهمیت صنعت گردشگری و وجود پتانسیل های گردشگری در استان کردستان، اولویت بندی مناطق مختلف این استان جهت برنامه ریزی های مناسب و کارا به منظور خدمات رسانی بهتر و عدالت اجتماعی و اقتصادی در سطوح مناطق مختلف ضروری می نماید. روش پژوهش توصیفی مقایسه ای و نوع آن کاربردی است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات نیز کتابخانه ای اسنادی است. در این پژوهش، با استفاده از مدل Topsis و Vikor به اولویت بندی شهرستان های استان کردستان بر اساس 12 معیار اصلی در 4 سطح (فرابرخوردار، برخوردار، نیمه برخوردار، فرو برخوردار) پرداخته ایم. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده، شهرستان سنندج در سطح فرابرخوردار و شهرستان های دهگلان و دیواندره در سطح فرو برخوردار (محروم) به لحاظ شاخص های زیرساختی گردشگری قرار گرفته اند. همچنین، طبق نتایج روش ضریب پراکندگی نیز معیارهای: تعداد فروشگاه های صنایع دستی و تعداد دفاتر خدمات مسافرتی و گردشگری و شرکت های حمل و نقل و مسافرتی به طور نابرابری در میان شهرستان های این استان توزیع شده است که توجه مسئولان و مدیران شهرها جهت تقویت و احداث این اماکن در شهرستان های این استان و پیشرفت این صنعت ارزشمند را می طلبد.
    کلیدواژگان: استان کردستان، اولویت بندی، گردشگری، مدل های تصمیم گیری چندمعیاره
  • مهدی قرخلو، سعید حیدری نیا *، نبی مرادپور، فاطمه هادی الاصل صفحات 33-44
    امروزه، گردشگری شهری یکی از راه های کسب درآمد جهت افزایش توان اقتصادی و اجتماعی و یکی از نیروهای اجتماعی بسیار مهم (شهری) به حساب می آید که اهمیت بین المللی اقتصادی و ژئوپلتیکی بسیاری نیز دارد. گردشگری به طور جهانی فضاهای فرهنگی، اجتماعی، و جغرافیایی را می سازد، بازسازی می کند، و ساکن می شود. شهر خرم آباد با داشتن جاذبه های طبیعی و تاریخی فراوان سالانه پذیرای گردشگران زیادی است، با این روند، این شهر در حال تبدیل شدن به یکی از قطب های گردشگری شهری است. بنابراین، اجرای این پژوهش جهت شناسایی آثار گردشگری بر وضعیت اقتصادی اجتماعی ساکنان شهر خرم آباد، به خصوص شاغلان وابسته به بخش گردشگری، الزام آور است. روش پژوهش مبتنی بر توصیفی تحلیلی که با پیمایش میدانی جهت تکمیل پرسشنامه ها همراه شده و داده های مورد نظر نیز از طریق نرم افزار آماری 21SPSS پردازش شده اند و از آزمون های آماری کای اسکوئر، ضریب همبستگی کندال و آزمون تی تک نمونه ای برای تحلیل داده ها استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که گردشگری شهری بر مولفه های اقتصادی و اجتماعی زندگی شاغلان بخش گردشگری تاثیر مثبت دارد و کیفیت زندگی این گروه نسبت به شاغلان بخش های دیگر (کشاورزی و مشاغل آزاد) از وضعیت مطلوب تری برخوردار است.
    کلیدواژگان: شاغلان بخش گردشگری، شهر خرم آباد، گردشگری، وضعیت اقتصادی، اجتماعی
  • زهرا نصراللهی، فریده موسی بیکی ده آبادی* صفحات 45-59
    با نمایان شدن ابعاد منفی توسعه، بدون توجه به پایداری آن، امروزه مفاهیم جدیدی در ابعاد مختلف آن مطرح شده است. یکی از این مفاهیم گردشگری پایدار است.
    تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیر عوامل زیست محیطی، اجتماعی، و اقتصادی بر گردشگری پایدار انجام یافته است. در این زمینه، پس از مطالعه مبانی نظری و پیشینه تحقیق، ابعاد و مولفه های زیست محیطی و اجتماعی بر گردشگری شناسایی و تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. این تحقیق از نظر هدف از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی پیمایشی است و از پرسشنامه به منظور جمع آوری داده های مورد نیاز استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق را گردشگران و کارشناسان صنعت گردشگری استان یزد تشکیل می دهد. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزارهای تحلیل آماری استفاده شده است. در این فرایند، با بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر گردشگری پایدار از بعد زیست محیطی، اجتماعی، و اقتصادی از ماتریس اهمیت عملکرد برای مقایسه دیدگاه گردشگران و کارشناسان در حوزه گردشگری استفاده شد. نتیجه به دست آمده در این پژوهش، تفاوت اندکی بین دیدگاه گردشگران و کارشناسان درباره عوامل اجتماعی نشان می دهد؛ در حالی که عوامل زیست محیطی از دیدگاه کارشناسان مهم تر ارزیابی شد.
    کلیدواژگان: تحلیل اهمیت، عملکرد، خبرگان، گردشگران، گردشگری، گردشگری پایدار
  • حسین حاتمی نژاد، امیر شریفی* صفحات 61-74
    گردشگری شهری عاملی بسیار مهم در توسعه شهرها محسوب می شود، زیرا نیروی زیادی برای جذب گردشگران دارد. شهرهای منطقه غرب کشور، از جمله سنندج، به دلیل بهره مندی از شرایط اقلیمی و عامل فرهنگی خاص، نیروی زیادی در جذب گردشگری شهری دارند. جغرافیدانان معتقدند هر عاملی از جمله گردشگری تاثیرات مختلفی دارد؛ بدین معنی که هیچ عاملی صرفا نمی تواند مثبت یا منفی باشد. این پژوهش در پی بررسی تاثیرات مثبت گردشگری شهری بر 4 متغیر توسعه پایدار شهری (پایداری اجتماعی، پایداری کالبدی، پایداری محیطی، و پایداری اقتصادی) از منظر 384 نفر از ساکنان شهر سنندج (براساس فرمول کوکران) و 22 نفر از استادان، مدیران، و کارشناسان حوزه گردشگری در شهری سنندج است. این پژوهش براساس شیوه انجام، از نوع روش توصیفی تحلیلی است. نتایج آزمون های آماری استفاده شده در تحقیق بیانگر این مهم اند که گردشگری شهری در شهر سنندج توانسته است به شیوه ای موثر باعث پایداری هرچه بیشتر شهر سنندج شود. گردشگری در شهر سنندج توانسته است بیشترین تاثیر را بر توسعه پایدار اقتصادی و کمترین تاثیر را توسعه پایدار محیطی داشته باشد.
    کلیدواژگان: توسعه پایدار شهری، شهر سنندج، گردشگری، گردشگری شهری
  • بهرام ایمانی، حمیده خسروی مهر، علی طورانی* صفحات 75-89
    در دهه های اخیر، اهمیت گردشگری، هم به لحاظ تعداد گردشگران و هم از لحاظ درآمد ارزی، به طور بی سابقه ای رو به افزایش بوده است؛ از این رو، دولتمردان و برنامه ریزان در تلاش اند با مهیاسازی شرایط و برطرف کردن موانع پیش رو، فرصت بهره مندی از ابعاد مثبت این صنعت را فراهم کنند. بر این اساس، تحقیق حاضر با روشی توصیفی تحلیلی بر مبنای مطالعات کتابخانه ای و میدانی (مشاهده و پرسشنامه) به ارزیابی و رتبه بندی موانع توسعه گردشگری در شهرستان مینودشت پرداخته است. جامعه آماری مطالعه شده گردشگرانی اند که طی سال 1392 از شهرستان مینودشت بازدید کرده اند و نمونهآماری مطالعه شده 300 نفر از این گردشگران است که به صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده اند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهد توسعه گردشگری در شهرستان مینودشت با موانع متعددی مواجه است. این موانع با استفاده از تحلیل پرسشنامه ها به کمک نرم افزار SPSS ارزیابی و سپس با مدل تصمیم گیری چندمعیاره تاپسیس رتبه بندی شده اند؛ نتایج رتبه بندی گویای آن است که در بین موانع موجود، موانع مدیریتی بیشترین نقش را دارد و پس از آن به ترتیب موانع اقتصادی، زیرساختی، اجتماعی، و محیطی در رتبه های بعد قرار دارند.
    کلیدواژگان: برنامه ریزی گردشگری، توسعه گردشگری، شهرستان مینودشت، موانع گردشگری
  • بهار بیشمی *، مصطفی محمودی صفحات 91-103
    توسعه گردشگری را صرفا نمی توان با مولفه های مستقیم اقتصادی و مادی تضمین کرد و برای پیشرفت، شرکت جامعه محلی از جمله نیروهای فکری و یدی گروه های مختلف نیز نیاز است. مقاله حاضر قصد دارد به بررسی مشارکت مردم محلی در فعالیت های گردشگری منطقه 22 شهر تهران بپردازد. روش بررسی، تلفیقی از روش کتابخانه ای و میدانی است؛ جامعه آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران به ترتیب 170 نفر بازدیدکننده و 150 نفر مردم بومی اند که به صورت نمونه گیری هدفمند و نیز روش نمونه گیری سهمیه ای انتخاب شده اند. میانگین جذابیت گردشگری منطقه متوسط است و مردم محلی در فعالیت های مربوط به گردشگری هیچ نقشی ندارند. این در حالی است که آنان علاوه بر نگرش مثبت به گردشگری، برای مشارکت با شهرداری منطقه علاقه دارند. برای پایدار شدن گردشگری منطقه و ارتقای سطح جاذبه ها، استفاده از مشارکت شهروندان یکی از بهترین گزینه هاست، اما هنوز کارهای جدی در این زمینه صورت نگرفته است.
    کلیدواژگان: توسعه پایدار، گردشگری، گردشگری پایدار، مشارکت
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  • Taghi Karimian *, Ahmad Poor, Ahmad Pages 1-16
    Identifying the factors affecting tourism attraction, such as services and installations will help in the planning of tourism. Large touristic cities are often faced with numerous problems. The placement of tourist centers in the historic and traditional structures of cities has doubled these problems. Thus according to the placement of tourist attraction centers of Isfahan in traditional structure, this question is expressed that how the spatial patterns and arrangement of tourist attractions and land uses are in Isfahan? Is there a certain order or spatial pattern for their arrangement? Are tourist attractions and land uses linked together or are they distributed randomly in space? This study has been done in order to make tourist spatial planning for Isfahan with emphasis on relationship between tourist attractions and land use. The hexagonal lattice has been used as basic unit for combining the original data that each diameter of hexagonal is 500 meter, and finally the whole city was divided into 2383 hexagonal lattices. The research method is descriptive - analytical. In order to answer research problem, weighted regression model was used. Results show agriculture is the most normal index. Industries have the most positive and negative impact on tourism attraction simultaneously. Cultural spaces and green areas have the most positive effects on tourism attraction and health care centers have the greatest negative effects on it. In addition, the least impact is related to the education and agencies indexes.
    Introduction
    The recognition of affecting factors such as services and installations on tourism attraction can help in the planning of tourism and have a significant impact on performance and satisfaction of tourists. Most large and touristic cities themselves are faced with numerous problems and this, especially in old cities with traditional structure placed in their centers, has made it difficult to service residents. Therefore, to reduce or prevent negative impacts of tourism, it is necessary to take action for the determination of spatial patterns of tourist and organization of the tourist areas, and in order to provide facilities and civil services such as hotels and resorts, the means of access and transportation, enhancing cultural and artistic attractions, tourist services and encouraged rules, develop a comprehensive program to benefit not only from the local and regional tourists but also from national and international tourists in order to make better use of urban spaces especially in touristic areas to increase incomes and employment and general prosperity. In this study Isfahan, touristic center was evaluated to determine the relationship between the tourist attractions and land use by using geographical weighted regression model. Isfahan is one of the most famous traditional cities in Iran because of its Islamic architecture, with many beautiful boulevards, covered bridges, palaces, mosques, and minarets. There are questions that ask how are the land use patterns and spatial arrangement of tourist attractions of Isfahan? Is there a certain order or spatial pattern? Are attractions tourist and land uses linked together or distributed randomly in space?
    Methodology of research:In this study, Polygons data (surface) of tourist attractions and Isfahan’s land use were used. Data is related to the year 1385 and was provided by the municipality of Isfahan in the form of separated layers. The research method is analytical- descriptive and in order to answer the questions of the research weighted regression method was used. One of the important parts of this present study is the determination of spatial analysis scale and the size of hexagonal cells. Because if the scale of these hexagonal lattices get too small, false spatial pattern will be formed in space and modifiable areal unit problem cause loss of information in the spatial lattices of the city if the dimensions be considered too big(Good child, 2011), (Baller et al. 2001).
    Results And Discussion
    A hexagonal lattice was built for modeling and integrating information. In this study Isfahan was divided into 2383 hexagonal grids, and a unique code was assigned to each grid cell. In order to aggregate data, analysis of overlap (Intersect) and the summarization and summarization connection with right triangle lattice was conducted. Then, based on network code, information layers of each land uses was given to the cells. In next step, the cells that had no important information were deleted and finally 1272 cells were remained and spatial analysis was done related to remained data. Sing geographical weighted regression (review of land use impacts on tourism), the output of each column was normalized, and the resulting data were analyzed in seven categories.
    Conclusion
    Geographical weighted regression method is a statistical technique that has been adapted for the study of local patterns. This method is in fact a local statistical technique that analyzes the relationship between spatial variables in a non-stationary assumed environment and one of its objectives is to overcome the limitations of the OLS model. This study has tried to introduce the effects of some indexes on spatial pattern of tourism. This indexes are not all parameters affecting tourist attractions, because the tourist attractions are in close connection with other uses. However, according to the available data, 17 indexes were evaluated for the determination of their effect on tourism attraction: landscaping, parking, sports complexes, industrial, medical and health care centers, educational centers and etc. The results show that agricultural is the most normal index. Industries have simultaneously the most positive and negative impact on tourism. Cultural spaces and green areas have the most positive effects and health centers have the greatest negative impact on tourism. Minimal impact indexes are related to educational and governmental agencies.
    Keywords: Land use, tourist attractions, Isfahan, geographical weighted regression
  • Mirnajf Mousavi, Mohammad Waysian *, Somayeh Mohammadi Hamidi, Mahnaz Akbari Pages 17-31
    In today's world, tourism industry has had great development, many developed, and developing countries have been able to boost their position as a significant Tourism hub. These states have been able to solve many of their problems such as unemployment, low rate of income and so on by the help of tourism industry. Because of tourism industry importance and tourism potentials in Kurdistan province, Prioritize the different areas of the province to the appropriate program planning in order to better service different areas of social and economic justice is essential. The method of research is Descriptive and comparative. Data collection method in this study is well-documented library. In this study, by using Topsis and Vikor model Kurdistan cities prioritized based on 12 key criteria in four levels (developed,, semi-developed, and under-developed). According to the results, Sanandaj city placed in developed leveland, Dehgolan and Diwandareh leveled as under-developed in terms of tourism infrastructures. According to The results of the dispersion coefficient Criteria: the number of craft storesæ offices, travel services tourism, transport and travel companies have been distributed in inequality manner among the city of Kurdistan province, which needs more attentions of cities authorities in order to develop and construct needed Services in all cities.
    Keywords: Tourism, Priorities, Multi Criteria Decision, Making Models, Kurdistan Province
  • Mehdi Gharakhlou, Saeed Heydarinia *, Nabi Moradpoor, Fateme Hadi Alasl Pages 33-44
    Today, tourism is one way to earn income urban residents is to increase economic and social power. Khoramabad with abundant natural and historical attractions that many tourists each year, with this process, the city has become one of the city's tourism poles, the aim of this study was to identify the effects of tourism on the economy Ü Khoramabad community residents, particularly workers in the tourism -dependent binding. The research was based on a descriptive Ü analytical, to complete the questionnaire, along with field survey and the data were processed through SPSS software and a variety of statistical tests were used to analyze the data. The results show that urban tourism on economic and social components of tourism sector workers had a positive impact and quality of life compared to workers in other sections (agriculture and self-employment), the situation is more favorable.
    Introduction
    Tourism is one of the most important social forces (urban) comes into account. International tourism to cultural, social and geographic document, nicely renovated and fitted living. The country is among the top 10 countries worldwide in terms of having tourist attractions, but as a fledgling industry in the country and can result in economies of many countries, more effectively Tourist cities. Khormabad urban culture, commerce, services and tourism. Many researchers believe that, historic Valley Khormabad due to weather conditions and ancient pathways on the road north to South and West to East One of the main focuses of the Human Environment , in pre-history has been. This study attempts to assess the impact of tourism on economic development Ü social, cultural, environmental and quality Khormabad residents who are active in the Tourist industry pay. The main issue is whether the relationship between tourism development and economic and social development of the components are there? If there is a connection between the components of the communication in question is at what level of significance? This is the default that the development of tourism and economic development Ü social, cultural, and enhance the quality of life of people there studied the relationship of answer the above questions extrusion.
    Methodology
    The method used in this study is the cross. In this paper, according to the study benefited from two documentary athletics. Method a questionnaire was used to gather information. Then, focusing on descriptive studies and objective observations and questionnaire data with the results of a survey of workers in the agricultural sector, employment and tourism sector the research hypothesis is discussed. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software. In this study, random sampling method was used, a total number of 270 respondents is the question. In this respect, two types of questionnaires were used:The first question: To measure the impact of tourism on socio Ü economic development and cultural tourism sector focuses on employees, the entire population consisted of 90 households were selected.
    Second question: To compare the economic and social situation of the agricultural sector and self-employed workers in the tourism sector and 180 people were questioned, they designed the results were compared with results from the first questionnaire.
    The study area:Khormabad city with a population of 558,453 thousand in the 1390 census, among the limestone mountains to an altitude of 1170 meters between two parallel 48 degrees 21 minutes and 30 degrees 32 minutes latitude is (IZADPANAH , 1376: 16). This distance in the 480 km South West of Tehran , good climate in the valley, dense trees and streams of water , located high in the mountains and inserts, due to their particular nature and spectacular scenery and inserts and Resorts natural abundance. In terms of antiquity and history the city has a history of several thousand years, one of the oldest cities of Iran comes to that throughout history, has undergone many changes. Study shows city's attractions, city Khormabad according to geographical location and political role has always been the case, Therefore suitable for the development of tourism infrastructure and utilities development.
    Conclusion
    In this study, the effects of tourism on human development (socio Ü economic status) Khormabad paid workers in the tourism sector , Estimation results of the study show the positive impact and significant relationship between tourism development and enhance the quality of life for employees is dependent on the tourism sector . In conclusion it can be concluded that the relationship between tourism development and economic and social development of specimen there is a significant relationship.
    Keywords: Tourism, socio ?, economic status, Workers in the tourism sector, Khormabad city
  • Zahra Nasrollahi, Faride Moosabeiki Dehabadi* Pages 45-59
    The negative aspects of development regardless of its sustainability, today a new conception in its various dimensions is discussed. One of the concepts of sustainable tourism.
    The present study examines the impact of environmental, social and factors on sustainable tourism. In this respect, the theoretical background of the research, environmental and social components of tourism were identified and analyzed. This study was descriptive in nature and is an applied research. Survey and questionnaire has been used to collect data while Yazd tourists and tourism experts were the sample population of this study. Over this research, statistical analyses software and Importance-Performance Analysis matrix have been employed to analyze data. The result of research shows that there is a slight differentiate between tourist and tourism expert view about social factors, while environmental factors were assessed more important from the perspective of experts.
    Keywords: Tourism, Importance, Performance Analysis, Sustainable Tourism, Expert, Tourists
  • Hossein Hataminejad, Amir Sharifi* Pages 61-74
    Introduction
    One of the most important tourist settlement destinations are cities. Urban tourism is a form of tourism that Citizens and foreign tourists interested in spending their leisure time in the cities. Basically urban Tourism based on attractions that available at cities (museums, monuments, stadiums, etc.), events and incentive tourism such as visiting friends and relatives, presence in exhibitions and conferences, visits cultural heritage, business purposes, religious and pilgrimage, cosmetic and medical, sports and more. Once you can we call sustainable development of urban tourism That Was not destructive and will provide for future the possibility of Preservation of natural and human resources and have some benefits to local communities. Sustainable tourism is a tourism that can continue in an environment and unlimited time and in terms of humanities and physically does not harm to the environment and to the extent activated that does not harm to develop of activities and social processes and on the other hand, can be able to create opportunities for employment and income for local residents and for infrastructure development and provide sustainable and integrated urban development. Province of Kurdistan including the provinces that after the revolution, especially in decades of the sixty and seventy, according to geographical factors and regional security was not good enough in the eyes of tourists to travel and visiting. But in recent decades, despite the persistence of serious obstacles, especially mental obstacle of lack of security, we are witnessing the emergence of domestic travelers, and some are external to the region. Although the difficult obstacles and lack of facilities to the extent that makes it difficult for tourists. However, increasing the amount and variety of tourist trips can be a significant issue to begin the development of the province provokes motivation trip towards this province because of distinctiveness of this province linguistically, Religious and climatic. The beautiful city of Sanandaj as one of the premier cultural centers in the country in addition to having extremely rich in historical and cultural contexts, had very attractive tourist destinations in the natural the field. Besides these attractions can be pointed to the connection factor of Sanandaj that is located on the western border trade route to the interior that per year a large number of residents for shopping cheap foreign goods pass from Sanandaj that it also is not fruitless. This research seek the effect of urban tourism development on sustainable urban development variables according to residents of Sanandaj and also from the perspective of 22 teachers, administrators and activists in the field of tourism In the city of Sanandaj. So that Strengthen the existing strong functions and poor performance also be upgraded. This study is aims to examine the positive effects of urban tourism on 4 variables of urban Sustainable development (Social stability, physical stability, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability) from the perspective of the 384 residents of Sanandaj (Based on Cochran's formula) and 22 of masters, managers and activists in the field of tourism in the city of Sanandaj.This research based on the performed method; is descriptive analytic method. The both library information and questionnaire information was used to perform of the analysis. The method of questionnaires distributing of citizens were simple randomized distribution style and the snowball method was used for distribution questionnaire of experts. This questionnaire was prepared based on the five-item Likert method.In this study, sustainable urban influence was obtained from four perspectives and from opinions of experts and citizens.Based on the results of research it can be said that urban tourism in city of sanandaj has the greatest impact on economic variables.However, urban Tourism of Sanandaj city have been a minimal positive impact on the environment variables even in the item of prevent soil erosion average item Statues was very low. Accordingly city managers in city of Sanandaj must turn toward efficient management of consequential effects of tourism. Because tourism in the city of Sanandaj as it was revealed by present study, associated with different influences with different intensity and power on the city and its sustainability. One of the detrimental effects of tourism in the field of social sustainability is this issue that there are possibility for fade aboriginal cultural factors in because of login countless tourists. The issue will have negative effects in the longer term on sustainability of tourism in the city of Sanandaj. Another issue that as cultural discussion can be debatable is Environmental issue and environmental sustainability of Sanandaj city. City of Sanandaj according to beautiful landscape which has due to the topography and climate can be have negative interact because of non-organized tourism. In general it can be result from the topic that because of lately process of tourism development in city of Sanandaj, citizens and experts attention more to the positive aspects. Whereas this approach it is proposed only for short-period and in future citizens and experts will reach to a more realistic view about urban tourism in the city. Though because city of Sanandaj strongly needs to revenues from tourism it will may be amount delayed this achieve to fact.
    Keywords: Tourism, Urban Tourism. Urban Sustainable Development, City of Sananadaj
  • Bahram Imani, Hamideh Khosravimehr, Ali Toorani* Pages 75-89
    Nowadays, tourism industry as dynamic industry with unique features allocated an important part of economic activity and production in developed and developing countries. Accelerated growth of tourism has led many pundits call twenty-first century to century tourism. Tourism is one of the important factors that could promote regional development in field of economic, social, cultural and environmental. Politicians and planners are trying to prepare in terms of potential and removing the obstacles ahead, provide the opportunity to benefit from the positive aspects of the industry. Accordingly the present study is assessed and ranked barriers to tourism development in township of Minoodasht. This township is located in the east Golestan province, a beautiful area with many tourist attractions in various sectors such as ecotourism, agricultural tourism, sports tourism (air sports) and cultural tourism. Tourism development process in this erea is faced with a lot of different obstacles and looks at the economic, administrative and infrastructure among the most important obstacles.
    The research method is descriptive – analytical. Required information through library and field research has been collected using questionnaires. To extract the main obstacles to the development of tourism in the Minoodasht township through library studies, barriers affecting the development of tourism classified in 5 factor include: environmental, social, economic, infrastructure and managemen. The population in this study consisted of tourists during of 1392 have visited the Minoodasht township.Thus, because lack of reliable statistics on the number of tourists was used sampling as a sample of 300 person randomly. All questions are Likert scale Finally, the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and TOPSIS model.
    According to the results, the most influential environmental barrier with an average rating of 3.03 is sultry weather in the warm season of the year. Another factor is the destruction of natural landscapes and the possibility of torrential rains, due to their lower than average rate of 3, barriers are not very important. In the social dimension, 5 factors were cited as barriers to the development of tourism after the assessment has revealed only two of the five factors above, the tourists are the barriers to effective. These two factors are influencing : failure to deal properly with an average score of 3.43, and the host population and population density of vehicles in tourist sites with a score of 3.34. In the following, three factors negative consequences for residents to tourism, ethnic conflict and insecurity in the region due to the score obtained is less than 3 as the main obstacles have been approved. Economically, with seven obstacles evaluated by tourists, the results obtained in this regard shows apart from the cost of shipping and handling (with a score of 2.59), the effect became less important as a major obstacle, were confirmed other factors as effective barriers. These factors, in order of importance are: Lack of funds and state investments (with a score of 4.04), lack of support from banks, investors and tourists (with a score of 3.9), the lack of private investment (with a score of 3.61), lack of banks and financial institutions (with a score of 3.56) the high cost of living (with a score of 3.5) and low levels of banking services (with a score of 3.31). In the infrastructural barriers are summarized in seven of the evaluations carried out except the low quality of communication (with a score of 2.68) the other half of the city's tourism development are the main obstacles. In this regard, the internet and mobile services with a score of 3.75 influential prevent undesirable and then approval as the main obstacles to tourism development in order the lack or low quality agencies and tourism (with a score of 3.55), lack or low quality-service recreation center (with a score of 3.4), the lack of or low quality shopping and reception (with a score of 3.34), lack or low quality residential centers (with a score of 3.08), and low quality of transport (by 3.04 points). Finally, in the management, six factors were assessed as obstacles to tourism development that were approved all six of the points. In the following, the greatest obstacle is the shortage of experts with a score of 4.24 and the lack of information and advertising with a score of 4.17, weak policy and planning with a score of 4.16, 4.12 points for passive organizations, local managers do not believe in the potential of the tourist city with a score of 4.05 and inconsistencies of various managerial with a score of 3.88 have been known as the main obstacles affecting the development of tourism.
    The study concludes there are many obstacles in the way of the development of tourism in the Minoodasht township which can be classified in various aspects of environmental, social, economic, infrastructural and managerial. The analysis carried out shows that barriers in the management dimension is as effective barriers and obstacles to economic, infrastructural, social and environmental dimensions are ranked in terms of importance. Therefore this research in order to develop tourism in the Minoodasht township and reduced the amount and intensity of the obstacles facing the tourism offers the following suggestions:1_The first step is essential to the development of tourism in the Minoodasht township strategy identify with the participation of all actors and factors influencing the tourism development process.
    2_It is necessary to pay more attention to the training of specialists in the field of tourism in the region.
    3_Tourism, especially in the early stages of the process needs to be supported strongly by the public authorities, based lending, and tax breaks for investments in tourism can be very useful and helpful.
    4- Advertising and branding should be regarded as a fundamental objective of all managers and citizens.Keywords.
    5_Local authorities should strengthen the development of tourism infrastructure and provide consistent desire and satisfaction of tourists.
    Keywords: tourism planning, Tourism development, Tourism barriers, Minoodasht township
  • Bahar Beishami *, Mostafa Mahmoodi Pages 91-103
    The necessity of a complete grasp of participation concept is greatly important due to the following factors: First of all, it is one of the basic principles of democracy in the present world. Secondly, municipalities can make the way for the participation culture to grow in order to the democratic society ideals based on the available literature. Undoubtedly, reviewing the participation fundamental structure more closely and from different perspectives, prediction of future possibilities, makes the way toward clarifying connected values of participation. It is not possible to guarantee tourism development through direct economic and materialistic components as development asks for mobilization of local community resources including think-tank and laborers of different society groups.
    There has been a general assumption about tourism planning through the time. It has been considered as a simple process of allocating incentives for construction of new hotels and guarantees their accessibility through public transport and in the meantime arranging tourism advertising campaigns. The only requirement for systematic planning was finding a suitable location for construction of hotels and entertainment centers. Constructing peculiar landscapes for their lodgings and designing engineering standards for development. This approach has been proved successful previous to mass tourism appearance. It was applicable to small resorts and lodging construction and run. Local community members’ participation and involvement is an issue of concern in sustainable tourism development as well as decision making process, because of this local community involvement is most welcomed in planning for most of projects and measures.Toward realizing this participation, identifying its special features is considered as an attempt of value to make the way for its realization.
    Tehran Municipality zone22 is located between 51 5’ 10” to 51 20’ 40” of Eastern Longitude and 32 35’ 16” to 35 57’ 19” of Northern Latitude in Northern West of Tehran in the bottom of Kan River Catchment Area and Vardig. Growing number of population as well as vast and extensive economic changes and other similar changes have had considerable effects in physical appearance of Tehran.One of its consequences of these changes can be formation of Zone 22 in Tehran Municipality that is undoubtedly the biggest and vastest urban development has been joined to Tehran.
    The focus groups of the visitors have been elected from Chitgar Park visitors and due to indefinite number of visitors William Cocrhran Sampling Technique. The population has been included Tehran Zone 22 dwellers and conducting the survey, the zone has been divided into nine different areas. The censuses reveal that the population of these neighborhoods is more than 100000 people. The numbers of interviewees have been determined corresponding to the population of each neighborhood.
    In order to satisfy the aims of this research, the following objectives were identified: 1. to estimate the minimum current demand for 22 zone of Tehran attractions, 2- The resident's participation in tourist projects of 22 zone of Tehran, 3- Evaluation of the tendency of tourism to contribute to the project area by local people.The research method is a combination of field and library methods. The population is selected by using Cochran sample size formula. The sample includes 170 visitors and 150 people from local community members. This sampling is targeted and quota sampling. The average tourism attractiveness of the area is middle range and local members don’t play a role in related measures, although the residents are really interested and willing to participate and collaborate with municipality and have appositive view to tourism.Residents do not have a role in regional tourism development programs and even programs to encourage and tech it held for the presence of regional tourism there.It is axiomatic that development of the human-resource base cannot be achieved without establishing appropriate and enabling democratic institutions to facilitate participation at all levels of 22 zone.
    In this survey each person is considered a unit and the questionnaires’ questions are selected through random selection and the survey theoretical foundations. To show the survey reliability and internal consistency as well as intra class correlation, Conrbach Alpha Coefficient has been applied on 50 questionnaires of host community as well as 50 questionnaires’ of visitors and the obtained results are as follows:The area dwellers questionnaires include: citizens partnership 70%, trust in officials 73%, attitude to tourism 52% and the whole questionnaire 81%.
    The area attractiveness in the visitors questionnaires 75%
    Tourism attractiveness rate of zone 22 of Tehran is at the mid range. And the mid range seems to be reasonable but in sustainable tourism a great score is required that we are close to this level in public transportation system of the area. One of the most important issues is lack of requires facilities and infrastructures for disabled people in the area. According to Surbruke in disabled travel concept is a developing one and better facilities and higher quality amenities should be provided for physically disabled and mentally retarded people. It is a vital need to arrange more entertainment as well as pastime hobbies for these people. Toward this end, the main focus of tourism attractions should be on equipping themselves with modern facilities in order to be able to host greater number of people with incapacities.
    One of the ways to improve the quality of attractions and tourism sustainability is to cooperate with local community members. Unfortunately these people have been ignored and play no role in almost all of the projects. The observations show that at present the citizens’ benefits are not considered in decision making process although most of them have positive attitudes toward tourism and its constructive roles and outcomes. These people can be of great impact to realize its goals. According to Mr. Doxy – as it was mentioned in theoretical framework of this survey-on the condition that local people impression toward tourism change in a way that it is perceived as a destructive factor with negative impact on their social life they would disagree with any sort of development in any form. To improve local community members active involvement and partnership in tourism related issues, making use of its benefits for the community and upgrading the attractiveness rate of the zone ten suggestions have been provided in n the last part of the survey.
    Keywords: participation, sustainable development, sustainable tourism, tourism