مجله پیشرفت های نوین در علوم رفتاری
پیاپی 26 (آذر 1397)

Brief solution-focused therapy is a collaborative and non-pathological approach for therapy which puts emphasis on finding solutions by the client with the help of therapist. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effect of brief solution-focused couple therapy on increasing marital intimacy among couples.The present research is of applied research which uses semi-experimental method and the design is of pretest-posttest with control group. The population of the current research includes all the couples who have visited Golha-Fatemi health center in 2016 because of lack of intimacy in their relationships in order to get professional counseling and psychological helps. After initial screening and based on inclusion-exclusion criteria of the research, 16 couples were selected by available sampling method, and they were assigned into experiment and control groups (8 couples per group). The data were gathered through marital intimacy scale of Walker and Thompson. After taking the pretest from both groups, the brief solution-focused group therapy was offered to the experiment group in seven 2-hour sessions with a step by step method with the sequence of one session per week, but the control group received no intervention. After finishing the therapy sessions, posttest was taken from both groups. The data were analyzed through univariate covariance analysis test (ANCOVA) with SPSS-20. Findings of covariance analysis indicated that brief solution-focused couple therapy has improved marital intimacy in couples of the experiment group in posttest. Counselors and family therapists can use the findings of the current research in their clinical and therapeutic interventions, and use this therapeutic, practical and effective approach for improving marital intimacy.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and occupational stress among teachers with the academic achievement of elementary students in Kermanshah. The statistical population of this study included all primary school students and primary school students in Kermanshah city who were studying in the academic year of 2017-18. A sample of 69 teachers and 320 students were selected through random cluster sampling from the girls' schools in Kermanshah city and responded to the public self-efficacy questionnaire, Her is job stress. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression and Pearson correlation coefficient. Regression analysis was used to predict academic achievement as a criterion variable based on self-efficacy and job stress variables. The results showed that F was observed (F = 23.7), and predictor variables, 0 /28 % of the variance of academic achievement were explained. Therefore, considering the results of this study and the importance of students' academic achievement in creating self-efficacy and job stress of teachers, attention to this point can be very influential in education.

Forensic psychology is a specialized branch and applied psychology. Forensic psychology deals with issues linking in psychology and law with together, often plays a role in punishment and prevention of crimes and offences, and focuses on offenders and criminals. Forensic psychology is coordinator of psychological theories and necessary psychopathology to enforcement of legal retribution. After search in available databases by appropriate keywords in both Farsi and English languages, articles, congresses, seminars, books, reports and notes that were most relevant to the intended targets were selected and evaluated. The results indicated that interest in forensic psychology significantly has increased by offering of multiple presentations in movies, television programs and books in recent years. Although depiction of forensic psychology is certainly substantial in the popular media, but these images necessarily are not accurate. According to the psychology and pathology theories as well as relevant laws, forensic psychology helps to judges and the Judicial Supreme Council, in order to a final ruling of the defendants. Psychologists, who work in this field, apply psychological principles in the legal aspects. Some of these activities include the study of criminal behaviors and their treatments, or work in the judicial systems. They play an important role in the criminal justice system. Some of forensic psychologists directly assess, evaluate and treat people who have committed crimes or who have been victims of crimes and offences in the criminal justice system. Others handle cases of accusation of child abuse, work with child witnesses, evaluate people involved in disputes of child custody, and assess defendant's mental competency to stand trial. This article has attempted with providing evidence-based information about forensic psychology, ministeries and legal organizations including Psychology and Counseling Organization of Iran can develop this field in different educational levels in Iranian universities, and also can promot quality of specialized mental health, psychological, and legal services, for the criminal justice as well as for the recipients of these services in law, legal, and correctional centers of the country..

Stuttering is a controversial, multifaceted, psychomotor speech disorder occuring in the natural course of a person's speech, coupled with behavioral, cognitive, and attitudinal changes. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of ACT on psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and psychological adjustment in stutterers. In doing so, from among the people admitted to speech therapy center, 30 people were selected by convenient sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Both groups were examined in terms of discomfort and improper speech before and after participating in training sessions and 6 months later. The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of ACT, but the control group received no training. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis using SPSS-22. The results of covariance analysis showed that ACT is effective in improving the speech performance of patients with stuttering. Hence, using this method, one can help reduce development of distress and improper and unclear speech of these patients.