Demographic and Social Factors Affecting Women's Employment of Higher Education Graduates (case study: Tehran)

In recent years despite the rise in the number of women who have graduated from universities women’s participation in the labor market has not been increased proportionally. The present study tries to examine the employment status of women graduates of higher education as well as of social and demographic factors affecting it. In this study، secondary analysis of data from 2% sample of Census 1385 is used. The statistical population was female higher education graduates of over 20 residing in Tehran. The findings show that women have mostly graduated in social sciences، business and law. Over 90 percent of employed women are salaried by public or private section and less than 8 percent of them own managerial positions. They are mostly active in educational، health care، and assistance areas. The results of double variable analysis show that except recent immigration variable there is significant relationship among independent variables (age، education، marital status، having children، number of children، field of study، and permanent migration) and the rate of employed women who are higher education graduates. The results of multi-variable studies show that female university graduates of 35 to 49 have more opportunity to hold a job. Also women who have not migrated to Tehran in the last 10 years (1375-1385) have had more luck to have a job. In therms of fields of study، humanities females graduated in educational fields compared to humanities and arts have a greater rate of employment.