Communicating Contraceptive Effectiveness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Increasing the knowledge of women on effectiveness of contraceptive methods can lead to the use of more effective methods and reduce unwanted pregnancies and adverse outcomes. We aimed to compare three different approaches for increasing women’s understanding of effectiveness of contraceptive methods. We randomly assigned 630 eligible women of reproductive age to one of the three groups. Each woman received one of three charts presenting pregnancy risk with each contraceptive method. Participants before and while reviewing the chart, answered to three key questions about the effectiveness of the methods. The data were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA and McNemar's tests in SPSS version 13. The most important reasons for choosing contraceptive methods were their effectiveness (45%), ease of use (18%) and few side effects (14%). At baseline, the participant's knowledge about the effectiveness of the methods was poor. Correct answers were 44% about comparing the effectiveness of the combined pills vs. that of condoms, 50% about intrauterine devices vs. injectable, and 52% about condoms vs. withdrawal. While reviewing the charts, the percentages significantly (p < 0.001) increased to 80%, 84% and 85%, respectively. All the three charts almost equally increased the correct responds to the questions. The three approaches had considerable and nearly identical effects on the promotion of women's knowledge about effectiveness of the contraceptive methods. Therefore, appropriate use of the charts is required during counseling sessions for contraceptive choice because it is impossible to have informed choice of the method without understanding their effectiveness.