Religion and Reason in the Enlightenment and an Investigation of Its Criticisms from the Perspective of Hegel and Hamann

A new perspective to the human, the world and the reality has been formed in the period of enlightenment, which is – in other words – the result of the previous modernity. Although this perspective is not in accordance with the dominant spirit and characteristics of this period of the West's history, but many of its educational factors are the constitutive of the modern human's culture and the aspects of his life in the present century. A great number of the philosophical expressions and discussions, used in the writings of the authors and researchers of philosophy of religion and history and art and ethics, are rooted in this new perspective. I will mention some of the general characteristics of this period in this article, will speak of the perspective of the intelligentsia regarding religion and reason, and will investigate Hegel and Haman's criticisms from two completely different perspectives (one based on reason and the other contrary to reason). The purpose of this article is to show that secularism is based on rationalism and finally on nihilism. I believe all of this is based on the Western Imanent thought which has appeared in the form of metaphysics.