Critical Discourse Analysis of the Ba iyeh Ballade of Lady Fatima (PBUH)

Poetry and prose texts that have remained throughout history have been formed based on the predominant ideological, sociological and political backgrounds of that specific period of time. These texts have not only been affected by these circumstances, but also they have sort of influenced and directed the time in which they have occurred. As far as the lingual structures are concerned, most of these texts have ideological contents and besides their expressive effect, they also affect the reader in terms of meaning and influence. There are several approaches to the analysis and understanding of a text. The critical discourse analysis, which is a brand new approach in the criticism and analysis areas, suggests that issues like power and domination may lead to different expressive approaches with specific purposes. The advocates of this approach suggest that literature is full of hidden behind such surrealistic statements and thus, they tend to study literature beyond lingual forms and discover the new different layers of meaning and concepts. This research is going to study the of Ba’iyeh Ballade of Lady Fatima (PBUH), which was composed after the Fadak Sermon, with the analytic-descriptive research method and also by using the critical discourse analysis approach based on Norman Fairclough’s method. The research further goes to demonstrating Lady Fatima (PBUH)’s attitude and insight and explaining the ideological linguistic structures of the ballade at three descriptive, interpretative and expressive levels. Before getting into analysis, the real ballade text of all other documents is to be reviewed using the historic criticism method. Results indicate that in her ballade, Lady Fatima (PBUH) sought to rebuild and reproduce the Prophet (MGBH)’s dialogue (discourse) in the Islamic community by taking advantage of different linguistic forms and ideological structures as well as the necessary contexts for communicational effects in criticism of the predominant dialogues and emerging approaches. She criticizes the change and alteration of the society after the demise of the Holy Prophet (MGBH) and reminds the righteous approach giving reference to Prophet Mohammad (MGBH)’s lifetime period.