Hypocalcaemia Effects on Levels of Coagulation Factors in Type 2 Diabetics

Aims and Cardiovascular complications are the main cause for much mortality among diabetics. Many studies show that cardiovascular diseases are developed after intravascular thrombosis in type 2 diabetics (T2D). Our previous studies show a significant hypercoagulable state and a prolongation in coagulation pathways. The current study tends to study the reasons of prolonged coagulation cascade in T2D patients and the possible relations between calcium and other minerals in blood plasma of T2D patients. In the present study، sixty T2Ds without any acute and chronic disorders were selected randomly and compared with 30 healthy subjects. In relation to the results of both groups، the following factors were studied: FBS، TG، calcium (Ca)، Na، K، phosphate ions (12PO4-3''>) and specific activity of coagulation factors: I، II، V، VII، VIII، IX، X، and XI with PT and APTT. All these factors were examined using laboratory methods and analyzed through Pearson correlation. The obtained results show that the factors of FBS، TG، II، IX، X and XI increase significantly in T2Ds in comparison with healthy subjects. The T2Ds show hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphatemia in comparison with healthy subjects. Also، the results show that APTT is prolonged in T2Ds and the Pearson correlation coefficient does not show a significant correlation between Ca، Na، K، PO4-3 and coagulation factors in T2Ds. Hypercoagulable state، hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphatemia in the T2Ds suggest that heterogeneity has existed even in early stages in T2Ds. Although، there is an increase in hypercoagulable specific activities، the hypocalcaemia and its regulatory effect on the coagulation process might be considered as the reason for APTT prolongation. On the other hand، the hypocalcaemia and its compensatory mechanism cause hypercoagulable in order to compensate for the ineffectiveness of the coagulation process. Therefore، a sudden rise in plasma calcium concentration may increase the risk of intravascular thrombosis and cardiovascular complication in diabetics.