Understanding Different Types of Justice Theories Based on the Philosophical Dimensions: an Approach to Determine the Theoretical Nature Of the Justice Concept

Because of its complexity and broadness, the concept of justice has always been one of the challenging topics in view of scholars over different historical eras. Each of them has tried hard to explain this concept using different views. The result of such efforts is a bunch of diverging and varied theories. Using the model of “principles, concepts, prerequisites and indices” in the justice arena, this paper tries to shed light on the concept of justice (to understand its principles and bases) using the Islamic perspective and based on new classification of available theories. This action not only provides a roadmap to follow but also smoothens the way to theorize justice. So, the main question of the research would be: how one can define the theoretical nature of the justice? In this regards, the qualitative approach has been used as the research methodology and the content analysis has been used to gather and analyze data. Choosing a good instrument to classify the theories helps us to understand their similarities and dissimilarities. To do so, after focusing on different available classifications, some of them, which are more important, are chosen. The research tries to analyze these theories and based upon this it tries to provide a new classification grounded on three dimensions; which are related to philosophy, humanity and value. This new classification not only lacks the shortcomings of others but also is based on the Islamic principles. In addition and as a case study, the justice theory of Ralws is analyzed considering the philosophical classification. This effort would be a beginning for expanding the philosophical and religious views in categorizing the justice literature.