A Review of Ionospheric Sensors

In recent decades, with the advent of satellite and Ionospher impact on these satellites and their orbit, more attention has been Ionospher studies. This study reviewed various methods for measuring Ionospher advantages and disadvantages of each country. These methods include Ionosonde, Topside sounding, Incoherent Scatter Radar, Coherent Scatter Radar, the method of measuring In-situ, using Global Positioning System (GPS) ground station, and Radio Occultation.Also, the examples of ionospheric observation application are presented. Ionospher phenomena of the equatorial anomaly and half-yearly anomaly in Iran regions are shown with Radio Occultation. Among the methods, observations of GPS ground receivers and radio Occultation are known as the most appropriate methods.